Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38981684›Full record

ArticleJournal of epidemiology and community health2024

Estimated changes in free sugar consumption one year after the UK soft drinks industry levy came into force: controlled interrupted time series analysis of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2011-2019).

Nina Trivedy Rogers, Steven Cummins, Catrin P Jones, Oliver Mytton, Mike Rayner, Harry Rutter, Martin White, Jean Adams

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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  6. Article
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  8. World Stroke Organization: Global Stroke Fact Sheet 2025.International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society · 2025
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Nina Trivedy RogersMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK nina.rogers@mrc-epid.cam.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0003-1857-2122
Steven CumminsDepartment of Public Health, Environments & Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-3957-4357
Catrin P JonesMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Oliver MyttonGreat Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
Mike RaynerNuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Harry RutterDepartment of Social and Policy Sciences, , University of Bath, Bath, UK.
Martin WhiteMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Jean AdamsMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Funding

Medical Research Council
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe UK soft drinks industry levy (SDIL) was announced in March 2016 and implemented in April 2018, encouraging manufacturers to reduce the sugar content of soft drinks. This is the first study to investigate changes in individual-level consumption of free sugars in relation to the SDIL.

methodsWe used controlled interrupted time series (2011-2019) to explore changes in the consumption of free sugars in the whole diet and from soft drinks alone 11 months after SDIL implementation in a nationally representative sample of adults (>18 years; n=7999) and children (1.5-19 years; n=7656) drawn from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey. Estimates were based on differences between observed data and a counterfactual scenario of no SDIL announcement/implementation. Models included protein consumption (control) and accounted for autocorrelation.

resultsAccounting for trends prior to the SDIL announcement, there were absolute reductions in the daily consumption of free sugars from the whole diet in children and adults of 4.8 g (95% CI 0.6 to 9.1) and 10.9 g (95% CI 7.8 to 13.9), respectively. Comparable reductions in free sugar consumption from drinks alone were 3.0 g (95% CI 0.1 to 5.8) and 5.2 g (95% CI 4.2 to 6.1). The percentage of total dietary energy from free sugars declined over the study period but was not significantly different from the counterfactual.

conclusionThe SDIL led to significant reductions in dietary free sugar consumption in children and adults. Energy from free sugar as a percentage of total energy did not change relative to the counterfactual, which could be due to simultaneous reductions in total energy intake associated with reductions in dietary free sugar.

Indexed as

Carbonated BeveragesInterrupted Time Series AnalysisNutrition SurveysAdolescentAdultChildChild, PreschoolDietDietary SugarsFemaleFood IndustryHumansInfantMaleMiddle AgedUnited KingdomDietary SugarsDIETNUTRITIONPUBLIC HEALTH

Identifiers

PMID38981684
PMCPMC11347969

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.