Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38979080›Full record

ArticlePNAS nexus2024

High economic inequality is linked to greater moralization.

Kelly Kirkland, Paul A M Van Lange, Drew Gorenz, Khandis Blake, Catherine E Amiot, Liisi Ausmees, Peter Baguma, Oumar Barry, Maja Becker, Michal Bilewicz and 35 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PNAS nexus, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

45 authors.

Kelly KirklandMelbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7286-6506
Paul A M Van LangeDepartment of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1075 BT, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7774-6984
Drew GorenzDepartment of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8705-8365
Khandis BlakeMelbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4834-4120
Catherine E AmiotDepartment of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H2L 2C4, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9774-4804
Liisi AusmeesInstitute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 50090, Estonia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0771-2639
Peter BagumaDepartment of Educational, Organizational and Social Psychology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Oumar BarryDepartment of Psychology, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, 10700, Senegal.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5893-6149
Maja BeckerCLLE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, 31058, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1187-1699
Michal BilewiczFaculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 00-183, Poland.
Watcharaporn BoonyasiriwatFaculty of Psychology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
Robert W BoothFaculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7614-4519
Thomas CastelainSerra Húnter Fellow, Department of Psychology, University of Girona, Girona, 17004, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9415-1771
Giulio CostantiniDepartment of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6610-5452
Girts DimdinsDepartment of Psychology, University of Latvia, Riga, LV-1586, Latvia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4129-1743
Agustín EspinosaDepartamento Académico de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, 15088, Peru.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2275-5792
Gillian FinchilescuPsychology Department, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2017, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5905-309X
Ronald FischerSchool of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3055-3955
Malte FrieseDepartment of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0055-513X
Ángel GómezFacultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Madrid, 28040, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4287-4916
Roberto GonzálezEscuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8331150, Chile.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1824-6215
Nobuhiko GotoGraduate School of Social Sciences, Hitotsubashi University, Kunitachi, 186-8601, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2675-5164
Peter HalamaCentre of Social and Psychological Sciences, The Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, 814 38, Slovakia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6938-4845
Camilo Hurtado-ParradoSchool of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-8054
Ruby D IlustrisimoDepartment of Psychology, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, 6000, Philippines.
Gabriela M Jiga-BoySchool of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3163-8798
Peter KuppensFaculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2363-2356
Steve LoughnanSchool of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4737-5120
Khairul A MastorSchool of Liberal Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4505-6433
Neil McLatchieFaculty of Science and Technology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, England, LA1 4YW, UK.
Lindsay M NovakDepartment of Psychology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
Blessing N OnyekachiDepartment of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410105, Nigeria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4327-9721
Muhammad RizwanDepartment of Clinical Psychology, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, 46220, Pakistan.
Mark SchallerDepartment of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1243-4650
Eleonora SerafimovskaInstitute for Sociological Political and Juridical Research, Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, 1000, Macedonia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2208-6012
Eunkook M SuhDepartment of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
William B SwannPsychology Department, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8698-2994
Eddie M W TongDepartment of Psychology, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8724-650X
Ana TorresDepartamento de Psicologia, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, 58051-900, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3161-0309
Rhiannon N TurnerSchool of Psychology, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT7 1NN, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0393-8593
Christin-Melanie VauclairDepartment of Social and Organizational Psychology, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), CIS-IUL, Lisbon, 1649-026, Portugal.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4940-1185
Alexander VinogradovFaculty of Psychology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01033, Ukraine.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1250-3863
Zhechen WangSchool of Social Development and Public Policy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
Victoria Wai Lan YeungDepartment of Psychology, Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3479-3198
Brock BastianMelbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4619-3322

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Throughout the 21st century, economic inequality is predicted to increase as we face new challenges, from changes in the technological landscape to the growing climate crisis. It is crucial we understand how these changes in inequality may affect how people think and behave. We propose that economic inequality threatens the social fabric of society, in turn increasing moralization-that is, the greater tendency to employ or emphasize morality in everyday life-as an attempt to restore order and control. Using longitudinal data from X, formerly known as Twitter, our first study demonstrates that high economic inequality is associated with greater use of moral language online (e.g. the use of words such as "disgust", "hurt", and "respect'). Study 2 then examined data from 41 regions around the world, generally showing that higher inequality has a small association with harsher moral judgments of people's everyday actions. Together these findings demonstrate that economic inequality is linked to the tendency to see the world through a moral lens.

Indexed as

anomieeconomic inequalitymoralizationmoral judgmentsTwitter

Identifiers

PMID38979080
PMCPMC11229818

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.