Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38977998›Full record

ArticleBMC health services research2024

Trends in heart failure costs for commercially insured patients in the United States (2006-2021).

Jianwei Zheng, Islam Abudayyeh, Cyril Rakovski, Louis Ehwerhemuepha, Ahmad Rezaie Mianroodi, Jay N Patel, Alomari Ihab, Chizobam Ani

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC health services research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Jianwei ZhengDepartment of Preventive and Social Medicine Internal Medicine Department, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th St, Los Angeles, CA, USA. jianweizheng@cdrewu.edu.
Islam AbudayyehLoma Linda Veteran Administration Healthcare, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
Cyril RakovskiSchmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA.
Louis EhwerhemuephaChildren's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA.
Ahmad Rezaie MianroodiSchmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA.
Jay N PatelLoma Linda Veteran Administration Healthcare, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
Alomari IhabSchool of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Chizobam AniInternal Medicine Department, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Funding

The CDU-Clinical Research Education and Career Development ProgramR25MD007610 · NIMHD · CHARLES R. DREW UNIVERSITY OF MED & SCI · PI Roberto Balbino Vargas · 2012 to 2026
$7.8M
NIMHD NIH HHS R25 MD007610
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlthough prior research has estimated the overarching cost burden of heart failure (HF), a thorough analysis examining medical expense differences and trends, specifically among commercially insured patients with heart failure, is still lacking. Thus, the study aims to examine historical trends and differences in medical costs for commercially insured heart failure patients in the United States from 2006 to 2021.

methodsA population-based, cross-sectional analysis of medical and pharmacy claims data (IQVIA PharMetrics

resultsThe study included 422,289 commercially insured heart failure (HF) patients in the U.S. evaluated from 2006 to 2021. The average total annual cost per patient decreased overall from $9,636.99 to $8,201.89, with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of -1.11% (95% CI: -2% to -0.26%). Hospitalization and medication costs decreased with an AAPC of -1.99% (95% CI: -3.25% to -0.8%) and - 3.1% (95% CI: -6.86-0.69%). On the other hand, post-discharge, outpatient, ED visit, and surgery costs increased by an AAPC of 0.84% (95% CI: 0.12-1.49%), 4.31% (95% CI: 1.03-7.63%), 7.21% (95% CI: 6.44-8.12%), and 9.36% (95% CI: 8.61-10.19%).

conclusionsThe study's findings reveal a rising trend in average total annual payments per patient from 2006 to 2015, followed by a subsequent decrease from 2016 to 2021. This decrease was attributed to the decline in average patient costs within the Medicare Cost insurance category after 2016, coinciding with the implementation of the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act (MACRA) of 2015. Additionally, expenses related to surgical procedures, emergency department (ED) visits, and outpatient care have shown substantial growth over time. Moreover, significant differences across various variables have been identified.

Indexed as

Heart FailureInsurance, HealthAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHealth Care CostsHealth ExpendituresHospitalizationHumansInsurance Claim ReviewMaleMiddle AgedUnited StatesAnd heat failure managementCommercially insuredHealthcare disparitiesHeart failureMedical costsReal-world data

Identifiers

PMID38977998
PMCPMC11232302

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.