Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38977474›Full record

Observational studyEuropean archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery2024

Changes in paranasal sinus volumes, temporal bone pneumatization, internal acoustic canal and olfactory cleft dimensions over the centuries: a comparison of skulls from different epochs in Anatolia.

Levent Yücel, Fatemeh Azizi, Salih Cengiz Meral, Çilem Sönmez Sözer, Ayla Sevim Erol, Zafer Ünsal Çoşkun, Timur Gültekin, Ceren Karaçaylı, Bülent Satar

Abstract readHistorical ArticleObservational StudyComparative Study
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Observational study in European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Levent YücelDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Health Sciences, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, General Dr. Tevfik Sağlam Street, No:1, Etlik/Ankara, 06010, Turkey. leventyucel51@hotmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9045-4636
Fatemeh AziziDepartment of Radiology, University of Health Sciences, Sultan Abdulhamithan Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5714-2294
Salih Cengiz MeralDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Health Sciences, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, General Dr. Tevfik Sağlam Street, No:1, Etlik/Ankara, 06010, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4220-1911
Çilem Sönmez SözerDepartment of Anthropology, Faculty of Humanities, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2818-5364
Ayla Sevim ErolDepartment of Anthropology, Faculty of Humanities, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7776-3864
Zafer Ünsal ÇoşkunDepartment of Radiology, University of Health Sciences, Sultan Abdulhamithan Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1556-3001
Timur GültekinDepartment of Anthropology, Faculty of Humanities, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3520-5308
Ceren KaraçaylıDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Health Sciences, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, General Dr. Tevfik Sağlam Street, No:1, Etlik/Ankara, 06010, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1995-0589
Bülent SatarDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Health Sciences, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, General Dr. Tevfik Sağlam Street, No:1, Etlik/Ankara, 06010, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1079-2393

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesInvestigating changes in temporal bone pneumatization (TBP) and paranasal sinus volumes (PSV) across different eras may help understanding not only changes in skull anatomy but also pathophysiology of chronic otitis media and sinusitis, respectively, which are common health problems.

methodsEight skulls from the second century AD, 20 skulls were from the 10th-11th centuries AD, 20 skulls from the 16th-19th centuries AD, and 60 contemporary skulls were included in this cross-sectional observational study. Using computerized tomography (CT) scans, the PSV were calculated by multiplying the height, width, and antero-posterior distance of the sinuses. TBP was divided into three types. Internal acoustic canal (IAC) length and width, and olfactory cleft (OC) width were measured.

resultsNo statistically significant differences were found between the paranasal sinus (frontal, maxillary, and sphenoid) volumes between the groups. However, TBP decreased statistically significantly over time on both sides of the skulls (p = 0.001). The contemporary IAC and OC measures were found to be significantly lower on both sides compared to the skulls from the other three eras (p < 0.001 for both).

conclusionsAlthough no significant change was observed in PSV, decreases were evident in TBP, OC width and IAC length and width over time. It appears a fair inference that changes in size of OC and IAC might be another indication of the fact that olfaction and hearing were more vital for survival in old eras. Since we do not know incidence of chronic ear problems in old eras, we cannot speculate outcome of increased TBP in terms of developing chronic ear diseases. On the contrary, increased TBP was likely to play a protective role in traumas in old ears. Additionally, the environmental influences may be crucial role in the development of paranasal sinuses.

Indexed as

Paranasal SinusesTemporal BoneTomography, X-Ray ComputedCross-Sectional StudiesEar, InnerFemaleHistory, 15th CenturyHistory, 16th CenturyHistory, 17th CenturyHistory, 18th CenturyHistory, 19th CenturyHistory, MedievalHumansMaleTurkeyAncient skullsHearingOlfactionParanasal sinus volumeTemporal bone pneumatization

Identifiers

PMID38977474
PMCPMC11512874

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.