Observational studyOncoimmunology2024
Cytokine release syndrome after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors: an observational cohort study of 2672 patients from Karolinska University Hospital in Sweden.
Observational study in Oncoimmunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors-related cytokine storm syndrome: a systematic review of characteristics, treatment, and outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Molecular Mechanisms and Immune Regulation in Prostate Cancer: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Cardiovascular Toxicity: Mechanisms, Clinical Manifestations, and Clinical Impact.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2026Review
- First-in-human study of intravenous bispecific CTLA-4 × OX40 antibody (ATOR-1015) in advanced solid malignancies.ESMO open · 2026Article
- [Heterogeneity of Response to PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors in Elderly Patients with Advanced NSCLC under the Background of Immunosenescence and Intervention Strategies].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2026Review
- A Case of Cytokine Release Syndrome Induced by Avelumab and Axitinib Combination Therapy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.IJU case reports · 2026Article
- Precision Management of Tumor-Associated Fever: From Classification to Targeted Intervention.Cancer management and research · 2026Review
- Associations between Immune-related Adverse Events and Prognosis in Cancer Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Review
- Cytokine release syndrome complicated with sepsis induced by tislelizumab in a patient with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Recurrent Cytokine Release Syndrome in Metastatic Gastric Cancer on Nivolumab-FOLFOX: A Case Report and Mechanistic Review.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2025Article
- Cytokine release syndrome in solid tumors.Cancer · 2025Review
- Liposome-mediated macrophage reprogramming: emerging strategies for chronic disease therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Low rather than high interleukin-6 levels are associated with immune-related adverse events in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The Benefits and Safety of Monoclonal Antibodies: Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell‑associated neurotoxicity syndrome in a melanoma patient treated with adjuvant pembrolizumab.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2024Article
- Immune-Related Adverse Events Associated with Atezolizumab: Insights from Real-World Pharmacovigilance Data.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Cytokine Release Syndrome Induced by Neoadjuvant Pembrolizumab in Early Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Case Report with Implications for Early Diagnosis and Management.Case reports in oncologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are linked to diverse immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Rare irAEs surface first in clinical practice. Here, we systematically studied the rare irAE, cytokine-release syndrome (CRS), in a cohort of 2672 patients treated with ICIs at Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden. We find that the risk of ICI-induced CRS - defined as fever, negative microbiological findings and absence of other probable causes within 30 days after ICI treatment - is approximately 1%, higher than previously reported. ICI-induced CRS was often mild and rechallenge with ICIs after mild CRS was generally safe. However, two out of 28 patients experienced high-grade CRS, and one was fatal. While C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin were not discriminative of fatal CRS, our data suggest that the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score might identify high-risk patients. These data provide a framework for CRS risk assessment and motivate multicenter studies to improve early CRS diagnosis.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.