ArticleOTO open
Smoking Pack Years and Eustachian Tube Dysfunction.
Article in OTO open. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Serum Cotinine Is Associated With Tympanometric Abnormalities Suggestive of Middle-Ear Pressure Dysregulation in US Adults.Clinical otolaryngology : official journal of ENT-UK ; official journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery · 2026Article
- Age-Related Increase in Type C Tympanogram.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To determine the effect of smoking history on the risk of developing obstructive eustachian tube dysfunction (OETD). Study Design: Cross-sectional review. Setting: National database. Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999 to present) was analyzed. OETD was defined as middle ear pressure less than -100 decapascals (daPa). Nonsmokers, current smokers, with tympanometry data were analyzed. Patients under the age of 18, with myringotomy tubes, or with a sinus problem/earache/cold in the past 24 hours were excluded. The relative risks (RRs) for developing OETD were calculated for nonsmokers versus smokers and those with greater versus less than 10, 20, and 30 pack years (py). Results: A total of 9472 patients met inclusion criteria (54.1% female, 75.9% non-Hispanic, mean age 43, 20.3% smokers). The RR of having OETD for smokers versus nonsmokers was 1.75 [95% confidence interval, CI: 1.45-2.11]. The RR of having OETD for patients with a 10+ py was 1.97 [95% CI 1.57-2.47], 20+ py was 2.29 [95% CI 1.76-2.95], and 30 py or greater was 2.08 [95% CI 1.49-2.90]. Conclusion: In this study, smoking roughly doubled the risk of developing OETD, as represented by a single measurement of negative middle ear pressure less than -100 daPa. The definition of OETD used in this study was limited, as it did not include symptomology, and more work is needed to examine additional covariates. However, these results may guide future research to better counsel and screen patients for OETD.
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Registered trials
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