ArticleJournal of geriatric cardiology : JGC2024
The impact of female sex hormones on cardiovascular disease: from mechanisms to hormone therapy.
Article in Journal of geriatric cardiology : JGC, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Evaluation of the relationship between Air Health Index and the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease mortality in Huizhou City: a cross-sectional study.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy from adolescence to adulthood on cardiovascular function: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Molecular remodeling of the myocardium in mice with melanocortin-4 receptor deletion before cardiac function impairment.PloS one · 2026Article
- Coronary heart disease in young women: risk factors, mechanistic phenotypes, and implications for primary care.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- From Gynecological Endocrine Disorders to Cardiovascular Risk: Insights from Rat Models.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Endothelial Dysfunction in Sex-Specific Disparities in Cardiovascular Diseases: Biological Mechanisms, Diagnostic-Therapeutic Differences, and Translational Medicine Strategies.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- An Insight to Nanoliposomes as Smart Radiopharmaceutical Delivery Tools for Imaging Atherosclerotic Plaques: Positron Emission Tomography Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Dichotomous roles of IL-36 and IL-38 in cardiovascular disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Sex differences and testosterone interfere with the structure of the gut microbiota through the bile acid signaling pathway.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Exploring the quality and credibility of nutritional advice for menstrual health on instagram.Women's health (London, England)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality in women, yet it has not raised the awareness from the public. The pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease differs significantly between females and males concerning the effect of sex hormones. Estrogen and progestogen impact cardiovascular system through genomic and non-genomic effects. Before menopause, cardiovascular protective effects of estrogens have been well described. Progestogens were often used in combination with estrogens in hormone therapy. Fluctuations in sex hormone levels, particularly estrogen deficiency, were considered the specific risk factor in women's cardiovascular disease. However, considerable heterogeneity in the impact of hormone therapy was observed in clinical trials. The heterogeneity is likely closely associated with factors such as the initial time, administration route, dosage, and formulation of hormone therapy. This review will delve into the pathogenesis and hormone therapy, summarizing the effect of female sex hormones on hypertension, pre-eclampsia, coronary heart disease, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, and cardiovascular risk factors specific to women.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.