Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38971814›Full record

ArticleBMC veterinary research2024

Emergence of genetic diversity and multi-drug resistant Clostridium perfringens from wild birds.

Xinglong Song, Zhenyu Zhong, Jiade Bai, Tianchun Pu, Xuehan Wang, Hongxuan He, Yaqian Chen, Congshan Yang, Qingxun Zhang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC veterinary research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Genetic characterization of gut-associatedFrontiers in microbiology · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns ofOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Xinglong SongCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.
Zhenyu ZhongBeijing Milu Ecological Research Center, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, China.
Jiade BaiBeijing Milu Ecological Research Center, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, China.
Tianchun PuBeijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies in Beijing Zoo, Beijing, China.
Xuehan WangSchool of Biomedicine, Beijing City University, Beijing, China.
Hongxuan HeNational Research Center for Wildlife-Born Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Yaqian ChenCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.
Congshan YangCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China. congshanyang@sina.cn.
Qingxun ZhangBeijing Milu Ecological Research Center, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, China. zhangqingxun1990@126.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundClostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) is an important zoonotic microorganism that can cause animal and human infections, however information about the prevalence status in wild birds of this pathogenic bacterium is currently limited.

resultIn this study, 57 strains of C. perfringens were isolated from 328 fecal samples of wild birds. All the isolates were identified as type A and 70.18% of the isolates carried the cpb2 gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that and 22.80% of the isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant strains. The MLST analysis of the 57 isolates from wild birds was categorized into 55 different sequence types (STs) and clustered into eight clonal complexes (CCs) with an average of 20.1 alleles and the Simpson Diversity index (Ds) of 0.9812, and revealed a high level of genetic diversity within the C. perfringens populations. Interestingly, the isolates from swan goose were clustered in the same CC while isolates from other bird species were more scattered suggesting that a potential difference in genetic diversity among the C. perfringens populations associated with different bird species.

conclusionC. perfringens exhibits a wide range of host adaptations, varying degrees of antimicrobial resistance, and a high degree of genetic diversity in wild birds. Understanding the prevalence, toxin type, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic diversity of C. perfringens in wildlife populations is essential for developing effective strategies for disease control and management.

Indexed as

Animals, WildBirdsClostridium InfectionsClostridium perfringensDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialGenetic VariationAnimalsAnti-Bacterial AgentsBird DiseasesFecesMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMultilocus Sequence TypingAnti-Bacterial AgentsAntimicrobial resistanceClostridium perfringensGenetic diversityPrevalenceWildlife

Identifiers

PMID38971814
PMCPMC11227187

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.