Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38971776›Full record

ArticleParasites & vectors2024

Infectivity of Plasmodium parasites to Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes maintained on blood-free meals of SkitoSnack.

Kristina K Gonzales-Wartz, Juliana M Sá, Kevin Lee, Yonas Gebremicale, Bingbing Deng, Carole A Long, Tales V Pascini, Andre Laughinghouse, Samuel E Moretz, Ana M Ortega-Villa and 2 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Parasites & vectors, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Kristina K Gonzales-WartzLaboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Juliana M SáLaboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Kevin LeeLaboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Yonas GebremicaleLaboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Bingbing DengLaboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Carole A LongLaboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Tales V PasciniLaboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Andre LaughinghouseLaboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Samuel E MoretzLaboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Ana M Ortega-VillaBiostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Michael P FayBiostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Thomas E WellemsLaboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. twellems@niaid.nih.gov.

Funding

Malaria Drug Resistance and Disease VirulenceZIAAI000483 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI WELLEMS, THOMAS E · 2009 to 2025
$24.5M
Host Immune Responses to Antigens of Malaria ParasitesZIAAI001020 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI LONG, CAROLE · 2009 to 2025
$13.6M
PLASMODIUM CHROMOSOME ORGANIZATION &GENOMIC RESTRUCTURING IN RESPONSE TO STRESSZ01AI000483 · NIAID · NIAID EXTRAMURAL ACTIVITIES · PI WELLEMS, THOMAS E · 1986 to 2008
$1.5M
Intramural NIH HHS Z01 AI000483National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases AI000483
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAedes and Anopheles mosquitoes are responsible for tremendous global health burdens from their transmission of pathogens causing malaria, lymphatic filariasis, dengue, and yellow fever. Innovative vector control strategies will help to reduce the prevalence of these diseases. Mass rearing of mosquitoes for research and support of these strategies presently depends on meals of vertebrate blood, which is subject to acquisition, handling, and storage issues. Various blood-free replacements have been formulated for these mosquitoes, but none of these replacements are in wide use, and little is known about their potential impact on competence of the mosquitoes for Plasmodium infection.

methodsColonies of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi were continuously maintained on a blood-free replacement (SkitoSnack; SS) or bovine blood (BB) and monitored for engorgement and hatch rates. Infections of Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi were assessed with Plasmodium gallinaceum and P. falciparum, respectively.

resultsReplicate colonies of mosquitoes were maintained on BB or SS for 10 generations of Ae. aegypti and more than 63 generations of An. stephensi. The odds of engorgement by SS- relative to BB-maintained mosquitoes were higher for both Ae. aegypti (OR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.3-5.2) and An. stephensi (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.4-5.5), while lower odds of hatching were found for eggs from the SS-maintained mosquitoes of both species (Ae. aegypti OR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.26-0.62; An. stephensi OR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.36-0.96). Oocyst counts were similar for P. gallinaceum infections of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes maintained on SS or BB (mean ratio = [mean on SS]/[mean on BB] = 1.11, 95% CI 0.85-1.49). Similar oocyst counts were also observed from the P. falciparum infections of SS- or BB-maintained An. stephensi (mean ratio = 0.76, 95% CI 0.44-1.37). The average counts of sporozoites/mosquito showed no evidence of reductions in the SS-maintained relative to BB-maintained mosquitoes of both species.

conclusionsAedes aegypti and An. stephensi can be reliably maintained on SS over multiple generations and are as competent for Plasmodium infection as mosquitoes maintained on BB. Use of SS alleviates the need to acquire and preserve blood for mosquito husbandry and may support new initiatives in fundamental and applied research, including novel manipulations of midgut microbiota and factors important to the mosquito life cycle and pathogen susceptibility.

Indexed as

AedesAnophelesMosquito VectorsAnimalsBloodCattleFeeding BehaviorFemalePlasmodium falciparumPlasmodium gallinaceumInsect rearingMalaria transmissionPlasmodium falciparumPlasmodium gallinaceumVector-borne disease

Identifiers

PMID38971776
PMCPMC11227701

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.