ArticleUrology2024
Household Toilet and Sanitation Insecurity is Associated With Urinary Symptoms, Psychosocial Burden, and Compensatory Bladder Behaviors.
Article in Urology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Under-Investigated and Underestimated: Disparities in Toilet and Sanitation Insecurity in a Sample of United States Adults.Neurourology and urodynamics · 2025Article
- Social Vulnerability Is Associated With Worse Urinary Incontinence and Quality of Life in Women.Urology · 2025Article
- Uncovering unseen ties: a network analysis explores activities of daily living limitations and depression among Chinese older adults.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate whether being "at-risk" for toilet and sanitation insecurity in the United States is associated with urinary symptoms, voiding behaviors, and psychosocial burden. Based on census data, nearly 2 million people in the United States do not have access to adequate plumbing. More may have inconsistent access related to cost, inadequate facilities for the number of people in a home, or declining regional infrastructure. The effects of inadequate access in the United States are poorly characterized.
methodsThis is a secondary analysis of a community-based sample of adults electronically recruited to complete questionnaires on clinical and sociodemographic information, living situations, home toilets and plumbing, urinary symptoms, compensatory bladder behaviors, and psychosocial burden. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess for associations between being at-risk for toilet and sanitation insecurity and urinary and psychosocial symptoms. Linear regression was used to assess for association with adopting compensatory bladder behaviors.
resultsThis sample included 4218 participants, of whom 17% were identified as being at-risk for toilet and sanitation insecurity. Being at-risk for toilet and sanitation insecurity was associated with worse overall urinary symptoms and greater bother from these symptoms, in addition to worse self-assessed mental and physical health, anxiety, stress, depression, and fewer social supports. Finally, those at-risk for toilet and sanitation insecurity were more likely to adopt burdensome and unhealthy compensatory bladder behaviors.
conclusionAs with other social determinants of health, toilet and sanitation insecurity may be an under-appreciated contributor to urinary symptoms, unhealthy toileting behaviors, and psychosocial distress.
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Registered trials
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