ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2024
Traumatic brain injury and cognitive change over 30 years among community-dwelling older adults.
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Substance Use and Traumatic Brain Injury: Evidence from a Rural Trauma Center.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Observational
- Traumatic brain injury and risk of early-onset dementia: A population-based cohort study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Epidemiology of Head Injury and Associations with Clinical and Neuropsychological Test Scores in Older American Indians: Data from the Strong Heart Study.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Development of a practical predictive nomogram for cognitive impairment risk following traumatic brain injury: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Intrathecal injection of 3D-mesenchymal stem cells attenuates disseminated neuroinflammation and improves cognitive function in controlled cortical impact rats.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Depressive Symptoms in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study.Neurology · 2025Article
- Proteomics-based aging clocks in midlife or late-life and their associated risk of dementia.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Myelin dysfunction in aging and brain disorders: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025Review
- MicroRNAs Detected in Whole Blood Following Traumatic Brain Injury Are Associated with Recovery 6 Months after Injury.Neurotrauma reports · 2025Article
- Traumatic brain injury and cognitive change over 30 years among community-dwelling older adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
introductionThere is limited evidence regarding the rate of long-term cognitive decline after traumatic brain injury (TBI) among older adults.
methodsIn this prospective cohort study, time-varying TBI was defined by self-report and International Classification of Disease diagnostic codes. Cognitive testing was performed at five visits over 30 years and scores were combined into a global cognition factor score. Adjusted linear mixed-effects models estimated the association of TBI with cognitive change.
resultsA total of 11,701 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study participants (mean baseline age 58 years, 58% female, 25% Black) without TBI at baseline were included. Over follow-up, 18% experienced TBI. The adjusted average decline in cognition per decade (standard deviation units) was more than twice as fast among individuals with ≥ 2 incident TBIs (𝛽 = -0.158, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.253,-0.063), but not among individuals with 1 TBI (𝛽 = -0.052, 95% CI = -0.107, 0.002), compared to without TBI (𝛽 = -0.057, 95% CI = -0.095, -0.020). DISCUSSION: This study provides robust evidence that TBIs fundamentally alter the trajectories of cognitive decline. HIGHLIGHTS: The adjusted average decline in cognition per decade (standard deviation units) was more than twice as fast among individuals with ≥ 2 incident traumatic brain injuries (TBIs; 𝛽 = -0.158, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.253, -0.063), but not with 1 TBI (𝛽 = -0.052, 95% CI = -0.107, 0.002), compared to without TBI (𝛽 = -0.057, 95% CI = -0.095, -0.020). Over a period of 30 years, this difference in cognitive decline is equivalent to individuals with ≥ 2 TBIs being 9.7 years older at baseline. Associations of TBI were stronger among individuals with one or two apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 alleles than among individuals with zero APOE ε4 alleles (P interaction = 0.007).
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