ArticleBMC public health2024
Age-standardized incidence, prevalence, and mortality rates of autoimmune diseases in adolescents and young adults (15-39 years): an analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2021.
Article in BMC public health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
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43 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Understanding the Therapeutic Potential of PD-1 Agonism in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disorders.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026Review
- Degree of Food Processing and the Risk of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: A Prospective Analysis of the SUN Cohort.Nutrients · 2026Article
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- Type 1 Diabetes and Other Autoimmune Diseases-Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Screening.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Review
- Epidemiological Trends and Seasonal Patterns in Childhood Type 1 Diabetes: Insights From 2001 to 2024 in Lithuania.Pediatric diabetes · 2026Article
- Exploring the age-dependent burden of periodontal disease in women across different socio-demographic levels.Tropical medicine and health · 2025Article
- Prevalence, incidence, and mortality of autoimmune diseases among adolescents and young adults in Mexico: an analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2021.Immunologic research · 2025Article
- Global burden of HIV and drug-resistant tuberculosis co-infection and its attributable risk factors, 1990 to 2021, with projections to 2031.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Analysis of global burden of inflammatory bowel disease among adolescents and young adults from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2040.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Applications of Antioxidant Nanoparticles in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Tolerogenic antigen-specific vaccine induces VISTA-enriched regulatory T cells and protects against arthritis in DRB1∗04:01 mice.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
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- Machine learning-based model for acute asthma exacerbation detection using routine blood parameters.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2025Article
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Abstract
backgroundAutoimmune diseases (ADs) present significant health challenges globally, especially among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) due to their unique developmental stages. Comprehensive analyses of their burden are limited. This study leverages the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data to assess the global, regional, and national burden and trends of major ADs among AYAs from 1990 to 2021.
methodsUtilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021 for individuals aged 15-39 years, we employed a direct method for age standardization to calculate estimates along with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for assessing the age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR), prevalence rates (ASPR), and mortality rates (ASMR) of ADs. The diseases analyzed included rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), multiple sclerosis (MS), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), Asthma, and Psoriasis. Trends from 1990 to 2021 were analyzed using Joinpoint regression, providing average annual percentage changes (AAPC) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
resultIn 2021, the global ASIR, ASPR, and ASMR of RA among AYAs (per 100,000 population) were 9.46 (95% UI: 5.92 to 13.54), 104.35 (77.44 to 137.84), and 0.016 (0.013 to 0.019), respectively. For IBD, the corresponding rates were 4.08 (3.07 to 5.37), 29.55 (23.00 to 37.83), and 0.10 (0.07 to 0.12). MS exhibited rates of 1.40 (0.93 to 1.93), 16.05 (12.73 to 19.75), and 0.05 (0.04 to 0.05), respectively. T1DM had rates of 6.63 (3.08 to 11.84), 245.51 (194.21 to 307.56), and 0.54 (0.47 to 0.60). Asthma demonstrated rates of 232.22 (132.11 to 361.24), 2245.51 (1671.05 to 2917.57), and 0.89 (0.77 to 1.08). Psoriasis showed rates of 55.08 (48.53 to 61.93) and 426.16 (394.12 to 460.18) for ASIR and ASPR, respectively. From 1990 to 2021, the global ASIR of RA (AAPC = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.46 to 0.49), IBD (0.22 [0.12 to 0.33]), MS (0.22 [0.19 to 0.26]), T1DM (0.83 [0.80 to 0.86]), and Psoriasis (0.33 [0.31 to 0.34]) showed increasing trends, whereas Asthma (-0.96 [-1.03 to -0.88]) showed a decreasing trend. The global ASPR of RA (0.70 [0.68 to 0.73]), MS (0.35 [0.32 to 0.37]), T1DM (0.68 [0.66 to 0.69]), and Psoriasis (0.29 [0.27 to 0.32]) also showed increasing trends, whereas IBD (-0.20 [-0.27 to -0.13]) and Asthma (-1.25 [-1.31 to -1.19]) showed decreasing trends. Notably, the estimated global ASMR of RA (-2.35 [-2.57 to -2.12]), MS (-0.63 [-0.86 to -0.41]), T1DM (-0.35 [-0.56 to -0.14]), and Asthma (-1.35 [-1.44 to -1.26]) in AYAs declined. Additionally, the burden of disease for ADs in AYAs varies considerably across continents and between 204 countries and territories.
conclusionADs among AYAs present a substantial public health burden with notable regional disparities in incidence, prevalence, and mortality rates. Understanding these patterns is essential for developing targeted public health interventions and policies to mitigate the impact of ADs in this population.
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