ArticlePloS one2024
Clinical risk factors and blood protein biomarkers of 10-year pneumonia risk.
Article in PloS one, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Harnessing breath biomarkers for pneumonia diagnosis and prognosis.Expert review of respiratory medicine · 2026Review
- A lifestyle-driven inflammatory load index and its circulating metabolomic signature identify susceptibility to hospital-recorded acute respiratory infections: a population-based cohort study of 295,679 adults.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Persistent systemic interleukin-6 elevation after community-acquired pneumonia is associated with one-year mortality.Respiratory research · 2025Observational
- The Mediating Roles of Lung Function Traits and Inflammatory Factors on the Associations between Measures of Obesity and Risk of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Predicting 30-day readmissions in pneumonia patients using machine learning and residential greenness.Digital healthArticle
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Abstract
backgroundChronic inflammation may increase susceptibility to pneumonia. RESEARCH QUESTION: To explore associations between clinical comorbidities, serum protein immunoassays, and long-term pneumonia risk.
methodsFramingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort participants ≥65 years were linked to their Centers for Medicare Services claims data. Clinical data and 88 serum protein immunoassays were evaluated for associations with 10-year incident pneumonia risk using Fine-Gray models for competing risks of death and least absolute shrinkage and selection operators for covariate selection.
resultsWe identified 1,370 participants with immunoassays and linkage to Medicare data. During 10 years of follow up, 428 (31%) participants had a pneumonia diagnosis. Chronic pulmonary disease [subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) 1.87; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.33-2.61], current smoking (SHR 1.79, CI 1.31-2.45), heart failure (SHR 1.74, CI 1.10-2.74), atrial fibrillation/flutter (SHR 1.43, CI 1.06-1.93), diabetes (SHR 1.36, CI 1.05-1.75), hospitalization within one year (SHR 1.34, CI 1.09-1.65), and age (SHR 1.06 per year, CI 1.04-1.08) were associated with pneumonia. Three baseline serum protein measurements were associated with pneumonia risk independent of measured clinical factors: growth differentiation factor 15 (SHR 1.32; CI 1.02-1.69), C-reactive protein (SHR 1.16, CI 1.06-1.27) and matrix metallopeptidase 8 (SHR 1.14, CI 1.01-1.30). Addition of C-reactive protein to the clinical model improved prediction (Akaike information criterion 4950 from 4960; C-statistic of 0.64 from 0.62).
conclusionsClinical comorbidities and serum immunoassays were predictive of pneumonia risk. C-reactive protein, a routinely-available measure of inflammation, modestly improved pneumonia risk prediction over clinical factors. Our findings support the hypothesis that prior inflammation may increase the risk of pneumonia.
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