ArticleFrontiers in psychology2024
How emotion is experienced and expressed in multiple cultures: a large-scale experiment across North America, Europe, and Japan.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Understanding irritability through the lens of self-regulatory control processes in children and adolescents: a systematic review.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Fluid and crystallized cognitive abilities differentially predict successful regulation of positive versus negative emotion.Emotion (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Effects of emotional variability on social evaluations of faces: An advantage of low variability.British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953) · 2026Article
- The construction of emotional meaning in language.Communications psychology · 2025Review
- Development and validation of the perceived expressed emotion scale for adolescents (pees-gap).BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Differences in judgments on the importance of performance psychological factors among Korean and Chinese football experts.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Naturalistic multimodal emotion data with deep learning can advance the theoretical understanding of emotion.Psychological research · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
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Abstract
Core to understanding emotion are subjective experiences and their expression in facial behavior. Past studies have largely focused on six emotions and prototypical facial poses, reflecting limitations in scale and narrow assumptions about the variety of emotions and their patterns of expression. We examine 45,231 facial reactions to 2,185 evocative videos, largely in North America, Europe, and Japan, collecting participants' self-reported experiences in English or Japanese and manual and automated annotations of facial movement. Guided by Semantic Space Theory, we uncover 21 dimensions of emotion in the self-reported experiences of participants in Japan, the United States, and Western Europe, and considerable cross-cultural similarities in experience. Facial expressions predict at least 12 dimensions of experience, despite massive individual differences in experience. We find considerable cross-cultural convergence in the facial actions involved in the expression of emotion, and culture-specific display tendencies-many facial movements differ in intensity in Japan compared to the U.S./Canada and Europe but represent similar experiences. These results quantitatively detail that people in dramatically different cultures experience and express emotion in a high-dimensional, categorical, and similar but complex fashion.
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