ReviewEuropean radiology experimental2024
Sample size calculation for data reliability and diagnostic performance: a go-to review.
Review in European radiology experimental, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed.
- Machine learning algorithms enhance the accuracy of radiographic diagnosis of dental caries: a comparative study.Dento maxillo facial radiology · 2025Trial
- Scoring Method, Testing Method and Learning Effect of the Upper Extremity Motor Coordination Test.Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy · 2026Article
- Assessing breast MRI image quality: the bMRI-QUAL scoring system.European radiology · 2026Article
- Development of a CT radiomics nomogram for preoperative prediction of differentiation grading in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a two-center retrospective study.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Establishing the Reliability of a Functional Performance Test Battery That Incorporates the QASLS Tool in Pre-Elite Female Field Hockey Players.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- External Validation of Diagnosis Codes to Identify Pediatric Mental Health Emergency Department Visits for Aggression.Pediatric emergency care · 2026Article
- Comparison of a swept-source optical coherence tomograph device (MT9000) to a partial coherence interferometry-based biometer (IOLMaster 500) in a high-altitude environment.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Frequency-Dependent Diffusion-Relaxation Distribution MRI: Scan-Rescan Reproducibility Ex Vivo and Caveats.NMR in biomedicine · 2026Article
- Intelligent Attention-Driven Deep Learning for Hip Disease Diagnosis: Fusing Multimodal Imaging and Clinical Text for Enhanced Precision and Early Detection.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Reliability of Handheld Ultrasound Assessment of Brachial Artery Flow-Mediated Dilation Using AI-Assisted Automated Analysis in Postmenopausal Women.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Machine Learning Analysis of Retrospective Data From 503 Hospitalized Older Patients With Type 2 Diabetes to Identify Factors Associated With Cognitive Impairment.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Article
- Cultural Adaptation and Reliability Testing of the Coeliac Disease Food Attitudes and Behaviours Scale in Brazil.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Hypertensive Patients with Aortic Dissection and Aortic Aneurysm Towards Aortic Dissection and Its Prevention: A Mediation Analysis.International journal of general medicine · 2026Article
- Reproducibility of fetal global longitudinal strain measured with speckle tracking echocardiography using a fixed cardiac cycle.PloS one · 2026Article
- The Use of a Handheld Ultrasound Device to Measure Humeral Retrotorsion in Baseball and Softball Athletes: A Validation Study.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2026Article
- Diagnostic efficacy of the TSPOT assay for tuberculosis infection and drug resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with malignant tumors.American journal of cancer research · 2026Article
- Exploring the mental health issues of left-behind children based on propensity score matching: the parallel mediating role of psychological abuse and neglect.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2025Article
- Phantom studies in medical imaging (PSMI): a guide with recommendations and checklist.European radiology experimental · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a nomogram for diabetic tibial neuropathy based on ultrasound radiomics: a multicenter study.BMC medical imaging · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Sample size, namely the number of subjects that should be included in a study to reach the desired endpoint and statistical power, is a fundamental concept of scientific research. Indeed, sample size must be planned a priori, and tailored to the main endpoint of the study, to avoid including too many subjects, thus possibly exposing them to additional risks while also wasting time and resources, or too few subjects, failing to reach the desired purpose. We offer a simple, go-to review of methods for sample size calculation for studies concerning data reliability (repeatability/reproducibility) and diagnostic performance. For studies concerning data reliability, we considered Cohen's κ or intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for hypothesis testing, estimation of Cohen's κ or ICC, and Bland-Altman analyses. With regards to diagnostic performance, we considered accuracy or sensitivity/specificity versus reference standards, the comparison of diagnostic performances, and the comparisons of areas under the receiver operating characteristics curve. Finally, we considered the special cases of dropouts or retrospective case exclusions, multiple endpoints, lack of prior data estimates, and the selection of unusual thresholds for α and β errors. For the most frequent cases, we provide example of software freely available on the Internet.Relevance statement Sample size calculation is a fundamental factor influencing the quality of studies on repeatability/reproducibility and diagnostic performance in radiology.Key points• Sample size is a concept related to precision and statistical power.• It has ethical implications, especially when patients are exposed to risks.• Sample size should always be calculated before starting a study.• This review offers simple, go-to methods for sample size calculations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.