Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38961808›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2024

Stress testing the Centiloid: Precision and variability of PET quantification of amyloid pathology.

Mahnaz Shekari, David Vállez García, Lyduine E Collij, Daniele Altomare, Fiona Heeman, Hugh Pemberton, Núria Roé Vellvé, Santiago Bullich, Christopher Buckley, Andrew Stephens and 6 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Observational
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Associations ofAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
  11. AI-enhanced Centiloid quantification of amyloid PET images.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Observational
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Revisiting Centiloids using AI.Research square · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Mahnaz ShekariBarcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-1336-6768
David Vállez GarcíaDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-3308-3167
Lyduine E CollijDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-6263-1762
Daniele AltomareMemory Center, Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-1905-8993
Fiona HeemanDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-7769-8329
Hugh PembertonGE Healthcare Life Sciences, Amersham, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8419-6423
Núria Roé VellvéLife Molecular Imaging GmbH, Berlin, Germany.
Santiago BullichLife Molecular Imaging GmbH, Berlin, Germany.
Christopher BuckleyGE Healthcare Life Sciences, Amersham, UK.
Andrew StephensLife Molecular Imaging GmbH, Berlin, Germany.
Gill FarrarGE Healthcare Life Sciences, Amersham, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-0726-723X
Giovanni FrisoniMemory Center, Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-7075-7082
William E KlunkUniversity of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5512-0251
Frederik BarkhofDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-3543-3706
Juan Domingo GispertBarcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-6155-0642
ADNI and the AMYPAD consortium

Funding

Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative - SupplementU01AG024904 · NIA · NORTHERN CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE RES &EDUC · PI WEINER, MICHAEL W · 2004 to 2015
$121.0M
AbbVieAlzheimer's AssociationAlzheimer's Drug Discovery FoundationAraclon BiotechBioClinica, Inc.BiogenBristol-Myers Squibb CompanyCereSpir, Inc.CIHRCogstateDepartment of Defense W81XWH-12-2-0012Eisai Inc.Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc.Eli Lilly and CompanyEuroImmunEuropean Union's Horizon 2020F. Hoffmann-La Roche LtdFujirebioGE HealthcareGenentech, Inc.Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking 115952IXICO Ltd.Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy Research & Development, LLCJohnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLCLumosityLundbeckMerck & Co., Inc.Meso Scale Diagnostics, LLCNeuroRx ResearchNeurotrack TechnologiesNIA NIH HHS U01 AG024904NIBIB NIH HHSNIH HHS U01 AG024904Novartis Pharmaceuticals CorporationPfizer Inc.Piramal ImagingServierTakeda Pharmaceutical CompanyTransition Therapeutics
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionAssessing the potential sources of bias and variability of the Centiloid (CL) scale is fundamental for its appropriate clinical application.

methodsWe included 533 participants from AMYloid imaging to Prevent Alzheimer's Disease (AMYPAD DPMS) and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohorts. Thirty-two CL pipelines were created using different combinations of reference region (RR), RR and target types, and quantification spaces. Generalized estimating equations stratified by amyloid positivity were used to assess the impact of the quantification pipeline, radiotracer, age, brain atrophy, and harmonization status on CL.

resultsRR selection and RR type impact CL the most, particularly in amyloid-negative individuals. The standard CL pipeline with the whole cerebellum as RR is robust against brain atrophy and differences in image resolution, with 95% confidence intervals below ± 3.95 CL for amyloid beta positivity cutoffs (CL < 24). DISCUSSION: The standard CL pipeline is recommended for most scenarios. Confidence intervals should be considered when operationalizing CL cutoffs in clinical and research settings. HIGHLIGHTS: We developed a framework for evaluating Centiloid (CL) variability to different factors. Reference region selection and delineation had the highest impact on CL values. Whole cerebellum (WCB) and whole cerebellum plus brainstem (WCB+BSTM) as reference regions yielded consistent results across tracers. The standard CL pipeline is robust against atrophy and image resolution variation. Estimated within- and between-pipeline variability (95% confidence interval) in absolute CL units.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseBrainPositron-Emission TomographyAgedAged, 80 and overAmyloidAmyloid beta-PeptidesAtrophyFemaleHumansMaleNeuroimagingAmyloidAmyloid beta-PeptidesageAlzheimer's diseaseamyloid PET accuracybiomarker validationbrain atrophyclinical applicationsclinical trialscontext of usediagnosisdisease‐modifying therapiesimage harmonizationradiotracerswhite matter

Identifiers

PMID38961808
PMCPMC11350134

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.