ArticleArchives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique2024
Association between tobacco smoke exposure and depression: the NHANES 2005-2018 and Mendelian randomization study.
Article in Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Associations between smoking, tobacco types, and depression in middle-aged and elderly Chinese individuals: a cross-sectional analysis from the CHARLS study.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2026Observational
- Depression and psychiatric help-seeking as joint outcomes: a Bayesian multilevel analysis of household-level dependence.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2026Article
- Nicotine metabolite ratio and clinically significant depressive symptoms in U.S. adults: A smoker-specific association.Medicine · 2026Observational
- MKRN1 as a prioritized drug target for postpartum depression: evidence from druggable proteome profiling and multi-layer validation.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- The Effect of Meditation on Depression and Psychological Well-being Among Active Smokers.Annals of neurosciences · 2026Article
- Depressive trajectories and their associations with chronic diseases among older adults: a national longitudinal cohort study from China.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Associations between pulmonary function and depression: evidence from the CHARLS cohort 2015-2018.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Polytobacco usage and mental health among Malaysian secondary school-going adolescents: Findings from the national school-based study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- The correlation between patient health questionnaire-4 scores and major depressive disorder: a population-based study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe relationship between tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) and depression is controversial. This study combined observational research and Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore the relationship of depression with both smoking status and cotinine levels.
methodWe collected relevant data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2005 to 2018, and used weighted multifactorial logistic regression modelling to assess the correlation between TSE and depression, and assessed the causal relationship of depression with both smoking status and cotinine levels by MR.
resultCurrent smokers had the highest risk of depression (OR 1.94; P < 0.01); there was a positive trend for correlation between daily smoking and depression (OR 1.66; P for trend < 0.01). Serum ketamine levels above 3.00 ng/ml had a higher risk of depression (OR 2.13; P < 0.001). MR results showed that current smoking (OR = 4.66; P < 0.001) and previous smoking (OR 2.09; P < 0.01) were risk factors for the onset of depression, and that there was no causal association between cotinine levels and depression.
conclusionSmoking is significantly associated with depression and plays a potential causal role in the development of depression. Cotinine was significantly associated with depression, however MR results showed no causal relationship between cotinine and depression.
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