ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2025
Temporal changes in the risk of six-month post-COVID symptoms: a national population-based cohort study.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Understanding how social determinants of health shape Long COVID outcomes: a rapid review of evidence.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Pooled it
- Recovery trajectories and predictors of symptom resolution in post-COVID-19 condition: a population-based cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Excess of infection with SARS-CoV-2 during the first versus second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic among patients with long COVID.BMC public health · 2025Article
- A multidimensional network of factors associated with long COVID in the French population.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Occupational and non-occupational factors of post-COVID-19 condition: a cross-sectional survey in the French general working population.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Internal medicine at the crossroads of long COVID diagnosis and management.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
It is unclear how the risk of post-COVID symptoms evolved during the pandemic, especially before the spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 variants and the availability of vaccines. We used modified Poisson regressions to compare the risk of six-month post-COVID symptoms and their associated risk factors according to the period of first acute COVID: during the French first (March-May 2020) or second (September-November 2020) wave. Nonresponse weights and multiple imputation were used to handle missing data. Among participants aged 15 years or older in a national population-based cohort, the risk of post-COVID symptoms was 14.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.9%-15.3%) in March-May 2020, vs 7.0% (95% CI, 6.3%-7.7%) in September-November 2020 (adjusted relative risk [RR], 1.36; 95% CI, 1.20-1.55). For both periods, the risk was higher in the presence of baseline physical condition(s), and it increased with the number of acute symptoms. During the first wave, the risk was also higher for women, in the presence of baseline mental condition(s), and it varied with educational level. In France in 2020, the risk of six-month post-COVID symptoms was higher during the first than the second wave. This difference was observed before the spread of variants and the availability of vaccines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.