ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2024
Association of maternal fish consumption and ω-3 supplement use during pregnancy with child autism-related outcomes: results from a cohort consortium analysis.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Associated with Early-Life Exposure to Heavy Metals: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Pooled it
- Healing from the Ocean: Targeting Shared Mechanisms in Autism and Epilepsy Using Algae-Derived Compounds.Marine drugs · 2026Review
- Child health-related behaviors, social connectedness, and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children born preterm in the ECHO Cohort.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Prenatal Air Pollution Exposure and Autism Spectrum Disorder in the ECHO Consortium.Environmental health perspectives · 2026Article
- Self-reported positive health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic among adolescents born preterm in the ECHO cohort.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and risk of autism spectrum disorder in the California Central Valley, 2004-2010.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammatory mechanisms and pharmacological advances in autism spectrum disorder: from inflammatory pathways to targeted interventions.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Maternal Mediterranean-Style Diet During Pregnancy and Child Social Impairment as Measured by the Social Responsiveness Scale.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025Article
- Article
- Omega-3 fatty acids: multi-target mechanisms and therapeutic applications in neurodevelopmental disorders and epilepsy.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
37 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrenatal fish intake is a key source of omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids needed for brain development, yet intake is generally low, and studies addressing associations with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and related traits are lacking.
objectiveThis study aimed to examine associations of prenatal fish intake and ω-3 supplement use with both autism diagnosis and broader autism-related traits.
methodsParticipants were drawn from 32 cohorts in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Cohort Consortium. Children were born between 1999 and 2019 and part of ongoing follow-up with data available for analysis by August 2022. Exposures included self-reported maternal fish intake and ω-3/fish oil supplement use during pregnancy. Outcome measures included parent report of clinician-diagnosed ASD and parent-reported autism-related traits measured by the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS)-second edition (n = 3939 and v3609 for fish intake analyses, respectively; n = 4537 and n = 3925 for supplement intake analyses, respectively).
resultsIn adjusted regression models, relative to no fish intake, fish intake during pregnancy was associated with reduced odds of autism diagnosis (odds ratio: 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77, 0.92), and a modest reduction in raw total SRS scores (β: -1.69; 95% CI: -3.3, -0.08). Estimates were similar across categories of fish consumption from "any" or "less than once per week" to "more than twice per week." For ω-3 supplement use, relative to no use, no significant associations with autism diagnosis were identified, whereas a modest relation with SRS score was suggested (β: 1.98; 95% CI: 0.33, 3.64).
conclusionsThese results extend previous work by suggesting that prenatal fish intake, but not ω-3 supplement use, may be associated with lower likelihood of both autism diagnosis and related traits. Given the low-fish intake in the United States general population and the rising autism prevalence, these findings suggest the need for better public health messaging regarding guidelines on fish intake for pregnant individuals.
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