Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia decreases the discrepancy between objective and subjective measures of sleep.

Lauren E Cudney, Sheryl M Green, Randi E McCabe, Benicio N Frey

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Article in Trends in psychiatry and psychotherapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

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5citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

Effectiveness and Safety of Electroacupuncture in Patients with Treatment-Resistant Insomnia: A Randomized, Assessor-Blinded, Waitlist-Controlled Pilot Trial.Nature and science of sleep · 2026
Trial
Night-to-Night Sleep Variability Modulates Subjective Sleep Perception in Chronic Insomnia: A Multilevel Analysis.Nature and science of sleep · 2026
Article
Perceived sleep disturbance in healthy women with a history of childhood emotional abuse is not reflected in objective sleep measures or nocturnal heart rate variability.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026
Article
Clinical predictors of insomnia in borderline personality disorder: a polysomnographic and subjective examination.Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation · 2025
Article
The impact of exercise interventions on sleep in adult populations with depression, anxiety, or posttraumatic stress: review of the current evidence and future directions.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2025
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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Lauren E CudneyDepartment of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. Women's Health Concerns Clinic, Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada.

Sheryl M GreenWomen's Health Concerns Clinic, Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada. Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.

Randi E McCabeDepartment of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. Mental Health and Addictions Program, Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada.

Benicio N FreyWomen's Health Concerns Clinic, Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada. Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveIndividuals with insomnia disorder often exhibit differences between reported experiences of sleep and objectively measured sleep parameters; however, the implications of this subjective-objective sleep discrepancy during treatment remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) on the discrepancy between objective and subjective measures of sleep, and to assess whether changes in clinical variables such as depression, anxiety, fatigue, and beliefs about sleep, were related to changes in discrepancy.

methodsTwenty-five participants with insomnia disorder were enrolled in group CBT-I. Sleep measures were continually sampled from baseline until 2 weeks post-treatment with both objective (i.e., actigraphy) and subjective (i.e., sleep diary) methods.

resultsThe subjective-objective discrepancy significantly decreased from baseline early on in treatment (following the second session) and were maintained at post-treatment for sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset (WASO) and sleep efficiency (SE). Total sleep time (TST) discrepancy and misperception decreased from baseline to post-treatment. Improvement in depression symptoms, fatigue symptoms, and negative beliefs about sleep were significantly correlated with the decrease in the discrepancy for WASO and SE.

conclusionThese findings suggest that CBT-I resolves the mismatch between objective and subjective sleep parameters early in treatment for adults with insomnia. Sleep misperception improved from underestimating to accurately estimating TST. Improvement of psychological symptoms were related to decrease in sleep discrepancies across treatment. Future research is needed to explore how feedback on objective and subjective sleep discrepancy may impact sleep perception across treatment with CBT-I.

Indexed as

Cognitive Behavioral TherapySleepSleep Initiation and Maintenance DisordersActigraphyAdultDepressionFemaleHumansMaleMiddle Agedactigraphycognitive behavioural therapy for insomniaInsomniasubjective-objective sleep discrepancy

Identifiers

PMID38959289

DOI10.47626/2237-6089-2024-0819

PMCPMC12956149

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LicenceCC BY

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.