ArticleAndrology2025
Prevalence of congenital cryptorchidism in China: A nationwide population-based surveillance study, 2007-2021.
Article in Andrology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Optimizing Care for Undescended Testicles in Children and Adolescents-Diagnosis, Management, and Outcomes: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Efficacy of Gonadotropin Therapy to Induce Spermatogenesis and Fertility in Men with Pathologic Gonadotropin Deficiency.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Evolutionary relaxation and functional change of INSL3 and RXFP2 may underlie natural cryptorchidism in mammals.EMBO reports · 2025Article
- Cesarean delivery modifies the association between prenatal exogenous progesterone and cryptorchidism: a case-control study.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Leveraging Health Insurance Claims Data to Complement the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Surveillance System for Birth Defects.Birth defects research · 2025Article
- Prevalence of congenital cryptorchidism in China: A nationwide population-based surveillance study, 2007-2021.Andrology · 2025Article
- Exploration of the active components and mechanisms of Epimedium for the treatment of Undescended Testis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Urine-derived stem cells: a sustainable resource for advancing personalized medicine and dental regeneration.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Associations between maternal periconceptional exposure to PMScientific reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDespite cryptorchidism being a common genital abnormality in male newborns with significant prevalence variations globally, there is a notable scarcity of epidemiological data on this condition in China.
objectiveThis study aimed to delineate the prevalence pattern of cryptorchidism in Chinese population over the past 15 years using nationwide surveillance data. MATERIALS AND
methodsData from the China National Population-based Birth Defects Surveillance System (2007-2021) were analyzed to calculate the prevalence rates of cryptorchidism, stratified by birth year, maternal age, maternal residence, and geographic region. Adjusted prevalence rate ratios were computed using Poisson regression, while trends in prevalence and average annual percent change (AAPC) were assessed using the joinpoint regression model.
resultsDuring the study period, a total of 1,833 cases of cryptorchidism were identified among 2,565,964 full-term male births, resulting in prevalence rates of 7.14, 5.60, and 1.54 per 10,000 births for overall, isolated, and associated cryptorchidism, respectively. The overall prevalence increased from 3.86 to 11.20 per 10,000 births, with an AAPC of 7.9% (95% confidence interval: 5.5-11.0). Significant variations were observed across maternal age (< 20 years, 7.62/10,000; 20-24 years, 6.14/10,000; 25-29 years, 6.96/10,000; 30-34 years, 7.48/10,000; ≥35 years, 9.22/10,000), maternal residence (urban vs. rural, 10.99/10,000 vs. 2.86/10,000), and geographic region (eastern, 12.38/10,000; central, 2.36/10,000; western, 2.63/10,000). Approximately one-third of cryptorchidism cases were bilaterally, while two-thirds were unilateral. Commonly observed associated abnormalities included congenital hydrocele testis, as well as anomalies in the genital organs, circulatory system, and musculoskeletal system.
conclusionDespite lower rates compared to other countries, the increasing trend in prevalence of cryptorchidism necessitates further investigation and intervention.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.