ArticlePublic health action2024
Depression: an individual-level early warning indicator of virologic failure in HIV patients in South Africa.
Article in Public health action, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Global prevalence and biopsychosocial correlates of psychological distress among people living with HIV: an updated theory-informed meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Inside out: TNFa-RII and sexualized drug use in acute HIV predicts persistent depressive symptoms despite antiretroviral therapy.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo identify individual-level early warning indicators of virologic failure in HIV patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in South Africa.
designA matched case-control study of individuals with and without virologic failure (VF) (>5 months on ART and HIV-1 plasma viral load >1,000 copies/mL) was conducted between June 2014 and June 2018. Of the 1,000 participants enrolled in the parent cohort, 96 experienced VF, and 199 additional controls were identified from the parent cohort and matched 1:2 (some matched 1:3) for sex, age, ART duration, and site. Participants were interviewed while clinical, pharmacy refill, laboratory, and objective pharmacological data were obtained. Multivariate conditional logistic regression models were constructed using model selection to identify factors associated with VF. Significant determinants of VF were identified using an alpha level of 0.05.
resultsIn a full conditional model, higher cumulative ART adherence, quantified using tenofovir-diphosphate concentrations in dried blood spots (OR 0.26) and medication possession ratio (OR 0.98) were protective against VF, whereas an increase in total depression score (OR 1.20) was predictive of VF.
conclusionThis analysis demonstrates the importance of depression as a key individual-level early warning indicator of VF. Efforts to address mental health concerns among patients with people living with HIV could improve virologic suppression.
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