ArticleCureus2024
25 Hydroxyvitamin D and Cytokine Profile in Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.
Article in Cureus, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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3 authors.
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Abstract
In experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, the severity of the deficiency is associated with the loss of axons, and it is likely that cytotoxic T-cells 8 (CD8 T) play an important role. In relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, there is a correlation between the inflammatory activity in the lesion and the transection of axons. To understand the pathological mechanisms, it is important to evaluate the changes in serum concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines during the disease course. A total of 46 patients and 40 healthy individuals participated in an open-label, prospective, case-control study from 2012 to 2014. The serum concentrations of cytokines were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). An immune imbalance was observed during relapse and remission phases compared to the control group. During relapse, the levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were significantly higher compared to those in remission (p=0.017). During remission, there was an improvement in the deficiency (p<0.001), and the anti-inflammatory cytokines transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and interleukin 4 (IL4) increased compared to those in relapse (p=0.006; p=0.009). A correlation was found between the serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) during relapse (correlation coefficient: 0.301; significance (Sig.) (2-tailed 0.042). During the exacerbation, there was a moderate relationship between interleukin 17 (IL17) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) (P (p-value (probability value) = 0.02)). TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL17, and TGF-β serum levels are criteria for evaluating immune inflammatory activity during relapse and remission periods.
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