Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38956733›Full record

ArticleParasites & vectors2024

Overwintering West Nile virus in active Culex pipiens mosquito populations in Greece.

Georgios Balatsos, Stavroula Beleri, Nikolaos Tegos, Marina Bisia, Vasileios Karras, Evangelia Zavitsanou, Dimitrios P Papachristos, Nikos T Papadopoulos, Antonios Michaelakis, Eleni Patsoula

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Parasites & vectors, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Evaluating the Role ofViruses · 2026
    Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. New enemies: contribution of CPathogens and global health · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Georgios BalatsosScientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 14561, Kifissia, Greece.
Stavroula BeleriDepartment of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, Division of Infectious, Parasitic Diseases and Zoonoses, University of West Attica, 11521, Athens, Greece.
Nikolaos TegosDepartment of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, Division of Infectious, Parasitic Diseases and Zoonoses, University of West Attica, 11521, Athens, Greece.
Marina BisiaScientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 14561, Kifissia, Greece.
Vasileios KarrasScientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 14561, Kifissia, Greece.
Evangelia ZavitsanouScientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 14561, Kifissia, Greece.
Dimitrios P PapachristosScientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 14561, Kifissia, Greece.
Nikos T PapadopoulosDepartment of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, 38446, Magnisias, Greece.
Antonios Michaelakis *Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 14561, Kifissia, Greece. a.michaelakis@bpi.gr.
Eleni Patsoula *Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, Division of Infectious, Parasitic Diseases and Zoonoses, University of West Attica, 11521, Athens, Greece. epatsoula@uniwa.gr.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The flavivirus West Nile Virus (WNV), which is transmitted by mosquitoes, poses a significant threat to both humans and animals, and its outbreaks often challenge public health in Europe and other continents. In recent years, there is an increasing trend of WNV incidence rates across several European countries. However, whether there is a year-round circulation or seasonal introduction has yet to be elucidated. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identified WNV-positive Culex pipiens mosquitos in 6 out of 146 pools examined in winter 2022 that correspond to three out of the 24 study areas, located in two coastal regions units in Attica, Greece. Spatial dispersion of the six positive pools in the same region suggests a clustered circulation of WNV during the winter of 2022. This is the first study that documents the identification of WNV in Cx. pipiens populations, captured in adult traps during winter period. Our findings underscore the need to extend entomological surveillance programs to include the winter period, specifically in temperate climates and historically affected areas by WNV.

Indexed as

CulexMosquito VectorsSeasonsWest Nile FeverWest Nile virusAnimalsGreeceReal-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionBiotypesCulex pipiensHost searchingOverwinteringWest Nile virus

Identifiers

PMID38956733
PMCPMC11221078

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.