Spatial-temporal variation and source analysis of heavy metals in different land use types in Beilun District (2015 and 2022).

Pengwei Zhang, Lanfang Hu, Bo Gao, Feng Gao, Xuchu Zhu, Yaying Li, Huaiying Yao

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

5citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

Ball milled magnetic sand as a dual-mode fluorescent sensor: turn-on detection of chlorpyrifos and turn-off response to glyphosate.Nanoscale advances · 2026
Article
Dermal Exposure to Heavy Metals in Urban Green Space Soils: A Review of Bioavailability, Toxic Mechanisms, and Precision Risk Assessment.Toxics · 2026
Review
Artemisia and the Elements: A Botanical Symphony of Minerals and Metals.Biological trace element research · 2026
Review
Environmental Risk Assessment of Trace Metal Pollution: A Statistical Perspective.Environmental geochemistry and health · 2025
Review
From contamination to detection: The growing threat of heavy metals.Heliyon · 2025
Review

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Pengwei ZhangKey Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.

Lanfang HuKey Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.

Bo GaoCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.

Feng GaoKey Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.

Xuchu ZhuBeilun Ningbo Environmental Protection Agency, Ningbo, 315800, China.

Yaying LiKey Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China. yyli@iue.ac.cn.

Huaiying YaoZhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo (Beilun), Zhongke Haixi Industry Technology Innovation Center, Ningbo, 315800, China.

Funding

Yaying Li Ningbo S&T Project （2021-DST-004）

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The soil environment plays an important role in urban ecosystems. To study the heavy metal contamination of soil in Beilun District, Ningbo, we collected soil samples from 60 points in urban and peri-urban areas of Beilun District and analyzed the spatiotemporal variation and sources of heavy metal pollution in various land-use types. The results shown that the heavy metal contents in 2015 and 2022 were higher than the background soil values of Ningbo city, and there was an accumulation of heavy metals over these 7 years. The contents of heavy metals in green belts and woodland in 2022 were higher than those in 2015, while there was no significant change in agricultural land. The heavy metal contents in both years were mainly in the order green belts > agricultural land > woodland. The spatiotemporal distribution of heavy metal content showed that heavy metal pollution in Beilun District was concentrated in five industrial areas, and there was a trend toward the disappearance of highly polluted points. But the single-factor pollution index, pollution load index (PLI), and geoaccumulation index (I

Indexed as

Heavy metalsPollution indexSource analysisSpatial–temporal distributionUrban and peri-urban soil

Identifiers

PMID38956253

DOI10.1038/s41598-024-65811-w

PMCPMC11220152

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