Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38955526›Full record

ArticleNeurospine2024

Comparative Review of the Socioeconomic Burden of Lower Back Pain in the United States and Globally.

Diana Chang, Austin Lui, Alisa Matsoyan, Michael M. Safaee, Henry Aryan, Christopher Ames

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neurospine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
42citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

42 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  16. Foraminal [AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology · 2026
    Observational
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  19. Intervertebral disc degeneration.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Diana ChangDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Austin LuiDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Alisa MatsoyanDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Michael M. SafaeeDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Henry AryanDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Christopher AmesDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Internationally, the United States (U.S.) cites the highest cost burden of low back pain (LBP). The cost continues to rise, faster than the rate of inflation and overall growth of health expenditures. We performed a comprehensive literature review of peer-reviewed and non- peer-reviewed literature from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for contemporary data on prevalence, cost, and projected future costs. Policymakers in the U.S. have long attempted to address the high-cost burden of LBP through limiting low-value services and early imaging. Despite these efforts, costs (~$40 billion; ~$2,000/patient/yr) continue to rise with increasing rates of unindicated imaging, high rates of surgery, and subsequent revision surgery without proper trial of non-pharmacologic measures and no corresponding reduction in LBP prevalence. Globally, the overall prevalence of LBP continues to rise largely secondary to a growing aging population. Cost containment methods should focus on careful and comprehensive clinical assessment of patients to better understand when more resource-intensive interventions are indicated.

Indexed as

Chronic low back painCost of illnessGlobal healthHealth care economics and organizationsLow back painMedical economics

Identifiers

PMID38955526
PMCPMC11224735

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.