Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38954841›Full record

ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Institute2024

Cancers with epidemiologic signatures of viral oncogenicity among immunocompromised populations in the United States.

Cameron B Haas, Meredith S Shiels, Ruth M Pfeiffer, Monica D'Arcy, Qianlai Luo, Kelly Yu, April A Austin, Colby Cohen, Paige Miller, Bozena M Morawski and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Thyroid cancer risk in people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis of global population-based registry studies.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Cameron B HaasDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8211-0806
Meredith S ShielsDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Ruth M PfeifferDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Monica D'ArcyDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Qianlai LuoDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Kelly YuDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
April A AustinNew York State Cancer Registry, Albany, NY, USA.
Colby CohenFlorida Department of Health, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
Paige MillerCancer Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, TX, USA.
Bozena M MorawskiCancer Data Registry of Idaho, Boise, ID, USA.
Karen PawlishNew Jersey Department of Health, Trenton, NJ, USA.
William T RobinsonLouisiana Office of Public Health Studies, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Eric A EngelsDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Funding

CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH STUDY (CHS) - TASK AREA C, STUDY CLOSEOUT75N92021D00006 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI PSATY, BRUCE · 2021 to 2024
$8.4M
NTP INFORMATION SYSTEMS SUPPORT27305C0011 · NIEHS · Z-TECH CORPORATION · 2007 to 2009
$4.3M
PROVIDE RABBITS, RATS, MICE, HAMSTERS, GERBILS, GUINEA PIGS27307C0011 · NIEHS · PI BOLEN, WAYNE · 2007 to 2007
$500k
Developmental Neurotoxicity Human Neurosphere Assay Data Collection - task order 175N96021D00006 · NIEHS · LEIBNIZ-INSTITUT FUR UMWELTMEDIZINISCHE FORSCHUNG AN DER HEINRICH-HEINE UIVERSITY · PI FRITSCHE, ELLEN · 2021 to 2021
$370k
CLC NIH HHS 75N90021D00009HHSNCCDPHP CDC HHS NU58DP007160NCCDPHP CDC HHS U01 DP006302NCCDPHP CDC HHS U58 DP000807NCCDPHP CDC HHS U58 DP000824NCCDPHP CDC HHS U58 DP000848NCCDPHP CDC HHS U58 DP003875NCCDPHP CDC HHS U58 DP003921NCCDPHP CDC HHS U58 DP003933NCHHSTP CDC HHS U62 PS001005NCHHSTP CDC HHS U62 PS003960NCHHSTP CDC HHS U62 PS004001NCHHSTP CDC HHS U62 PS004011NCI NIH HHS HHSN261201000034CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261201000035CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261201000035INCI NIH HHS HHSN261201000036CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261201000037CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261201800002BNCI NIH HHS HHSN261201800002CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261201800004CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261201800006INCI NIH HHS HHSN261201800012CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261201800012INCI NIH HHS HHSN261201800013CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261201800013INCI NIH HHS HHSN261201800014CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261201800014INCI NIH HHS HHSN261201800016CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261201800016INCI NIH HHS N01 PC035137NCI NIH HHS N01 PC035139NCI NIH HHS N01 PC035143NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92021D00006NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92021D00009NIEHS NIH HHS 27305C0011NIEHS NIH HHS 27307C0011NIEHS NIH HHS 27398C0011NIEHS NIH HHS 75N96021D00006NIEHS NIH HHS 75N96021D00009NIH HHS 75N98021D00006NLM NIH HHS 75N97021D00006ORFDO NIH HHS 75N99021D00009
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundImmunosuppressed individuals have elevated risk of virus-related cancers. Identifying cancers with elevated risk in people with HIV and solid organ transplant recipients, 2 immunosuppressed populations, may help identify novel etiologic relationships with infectious agents.

methodsWe used 2 linkages of population-based cancer registries with HIV and transplant registries in the United States. Cancer entities were systematically classified according to site and histology codes. Standardized incidence ratios were used to compare risk in people with HIV and solid organ transplant recipients with the general population. For selected cancer entities, incidence rate ratios were calculated for indicators of immunosuppression within each population.

resultsWe identified 38 047 cancer cases in solid organ transplant recipients and 53 592 in people with HIV, yielding overall standardized incidence ratios of 1.66 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.65 to 1.68) and 1.49 (95% CI = 1.47 to 1.50), respectively. A total of 43 cancer entities met selection criteria, including conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (people with HIV standardized incidence ratio = 7.1, 95% CI = 5.5 to 9.2; solid organ transplant recipients standardized incidence ratio = 9.4, 95% CI = 6.8 to 12.6). Sebaceous adenocarcinoma was elevated in solid organ transplant recipients (standardized incidence ratio = 16.2, 95% CI = 14.0 to 18.6) and, among solid organ transplant recipients, associated with greater risk in lung and heart transplant recipients compared with recipients of other organs (incidence rate ratio = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.7 to 3.2). Salivary gland tumors, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma showed elevated risk in solid organ transplant recipients (standardized incidence ratio = 3.9,  4.7, and  3.2, respectively) but not in people with HIV. However, risks for these cancers were elevated following an AIDS diagnosis among people with HIV (incidence rate ratio = 2.4, 4.3, and  2.0, respectively).

conclusionsElevated standardized incidence ratios among solid organ transplant recipients and people with HIV, and associations with immunosuppression within these populations, suggest novel infectious causes for several cancers including conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma, sebaceous adenocarcinoma, salivary gland tumors, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Indexed as

HIV InfectionsImmunocompromised HostNeoplasmsOrgan TransplantationAdultAgedCarcinoma, Squamous CellFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedRegistriesRisk FactorsTransplant RecipientsUnited States

Identifiers

PMID38954841
PMCPMC11630524

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.