Trial reportPloS one2024
Short term effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and probiotic L. salivarius WB21 on halitosis: A controlled and randomized clinical trial.
Trial report in PloS one, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03996044 (Comparative Study Between Photodynamic Therapy Using Urucum + LED and Probiotics in Halitosis Reduction - Controlled Clinical Trial), which is not on this map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparative Study Between Photodynamic Therapy Using Urucum + LED and Probiotics in Halitosis Reduction - Controlled Clinical Trial
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Effect of Probiotic Lactobacillus Strains on Porphyromonas gingivalis, the Etiological Factor of Periodontal Diseases-A Systematic Review.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Pooled it
- A Chewing Gum ContainingNutrients · 2026Trial
- Laser Interventions for Intraoral Halitosis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Article
- In Vivo Study on the Salivary Kinetics of Two Probiotic Strains Delivered via Chewing Gum.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Uncovering mercury accumulation and the potential for bacterial bioremediation in response to contamination in the Singalila National Park.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Oral health benefits ofFrontiers in oral health · 2025Review
- Effectiveness of Probiotics in Managing Oral Halitosis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community DentistryReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and the use of probiotics on the treatment of halitosis.
methodsFifty-two participants, aged from 18 to 25 years, exhaling sulfhydride (H2S) ≥ 112 ppb were selected. They were allocated into 4 groups (n = 13): Group 1: tongue scraper; Group 2: treated once with aPDT; Group 3: probiotic capsule containing Lactobacillus salivarius WB21 (6.7 x 108 CFU) and xylitol (280mg), 3 times a day after meals, for 14 days; Group 4: treated once with aPDT and with the probiotic capsule for 14 days. Halimetry with gas chromatography (clinical evaluation) and microbiological samples were collected from the dorsum of the tongue before and after aPDT, as well as after 7, 14, and 30 days. The clinical data failed to follow a normal distribution; therefore, comparisons were made using the Kruskal-Wallis test (independent measures) and Friedman ANOVA (dependent measures) followed by appropriate posthoc tests, when necessary. For the microbiological data, seeing as the data failed to follow a normal distribution, the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test was performed with Dunn's post-test. The significance level was α = 0.05.
resultsClinical results (halimetry) showed an immediate significant reduction in halitosis with aPDT (p = 0.0008) and/or tongue scraper (p = 0.0006). Probiotics showed no difference in relation to the initial levels (p = 0.7530). No significant differences were found in the control appointments. The amount of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola were not altered throughout the analysis (p = 0.1616, p = 0.2829 and p = 0.2882, respectively).
conclusionThere was an immediate clinical reduction of halitosis with aPDT and tongue scraping, but there was no reduction in the number of bacteria throughout the study, or differences in the control times, both in the clinical and microbiological results. New clinical trials are necessary to better assess the tested therapies.
trial registrationClinical Trials NCT03996044.
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