ArticleJCI insight2024
Lymphotoxin β receptor and tertiary lymphoid organs shape acute and chronic allograft rejection.
Article in JCI insight, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exploring LTB-mediated T cell differentiation as a prognostic marker in triple-negative breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Inflammation-Driven Lymphoid Structures: Organization, Function, and Clinical Impact Across Autoimmunity, Cancer, and Checkpoint Toxicity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- BHLHE40 Orchestrates Effector Tissue-Resident Memory CD8Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Tertiary lymphoid organ-associated transcriptomic features predict rejection and outcome in kidney transplantation: integrative analysis and experimental validation.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Article
- CO-STIMULATORY BLOCKADE PREVENTS INTRAGRAFT ACCRUAL OF CLASS-SWITCHED, ACTIVATED B CELLS DESPITE FAILING TO PREVENT T-CELL MEDIATED REJECTION.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Lymphotoxin beta receptorInfection and immunity · 2025Article
- From Lymphotoxin to Tertiary Lymphoid Structures and Beyond.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- The roles of tertiary lymphoid structures in orchestrating immune responses in peripheral organs.Inflammation and regeneration · 2025Review
- Article
- Follicle on the Roof: Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Central Nervous System Autoimmunity.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- B cells in non-lymphoid tissues.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Can mouse kidney transplant models inform mechanisms of injury and acceptance in clinical kidney transplantation?American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2025Review
- Kidney immunology from pathophysiology to clinical translation.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Uncovering the Role of Tertiary Lymphoid Organs in the Inflammatory Landscape: A Novel Immunophenotype of Diabetic Foot Ulcers.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Tendomodulin in pan-cancer analysis: exploring its impact on immune modulation and uncovering functional insights in colorectal cancer.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Advances in research on the role of neutrophils in organ transplant rejection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Solid organ transplantation remains the life-saving treatment for end-stage organ failure, but chronic rejection remains a major obstacle to long-term allograft outcomes and has not improved substantially. Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) are ectopic lymphoid structures that form under conditions of chronic inflammation, and evidence from human transplantation suggests that TLOs regularly form in allografts undergoing chronic rejection. In this study, we utilized a mouse renal transplantation model and manipulation of the lymphotoxin αβ/lymphotoxin β receptor (LTαβ/LTβR) pathway, which is essential for TLO formation, to define the role of TLOs in transplantation. We showed that intragraft TLOs are sufficient to activate the alloimmune response and mediate graft rejection in a model where the only lymphoid organs are TLOs in the allograft. When transplanted to recipients with a normal set of secondary lymphoid organs, the presence of graft TLOs or LTα overexpression accelerated rejection. If the LTβR pathway was disrupted in the donor graft, TLO formation was abrogated, and graft survival was prolonged. Intravital microscopy of renal TLOs demonstrated that local T and B cell activation in TLOs is similar to that observed in secondary lymphoid organs. In summary, we demonstrated that immune activation in TLOs contributes to local immune responses, leading to earlier allograft failure. TLOs and the LTαβ/LTβR pathway are therefore prime targets to limit local immune responses and prevent allograft rejection. These findings are applicable to other diseases, such as autoimmune diseases or tumors, where either limiting or boosting local immune responses is beneficial and improves disease outcomes.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.