Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38953531›Full record

ArticleJournal of advanced nursing2025

A nurse-led model of care to improve access to contraception and abortion in rural general practice: Co-design with consumers and providers.

Jessica E Moulton, Noushin Arefadib, Jessica R Botfield, Karen Freilich, Jane Tomnay, Deborah Bateson, Kirsten I Black, Wendy V Norman, Danielle Mazza

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of advanced nursing, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Co-Designing a Care Pathway for Healthcare Professionals to Recognise and Respond to Human Trafficking Victims in Emergency Departments.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026
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  4. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Jessica E MoultonSPHERE, NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Sexual and Reproductive Health for Women in Primary Care, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7172-9470
Noushin ArefadibSPHERE, NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Sexual and Reproductive Health for Women in Primary Care, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8478-6730
Jessica R BotfieldSPHERE, NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Sexual and Reproductive Health for Women in Primary Care, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6157-9739
Karen FreilichSPHERE, NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Sexual and Reproductive Health for Women in Primary Care, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Jane TomnayCentre for Excellence in Rural Sexual Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Deborah BatesonDaffodil Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1035-7110
Kirsten I BlackFaculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0030-2431
Wendy V NormanDepartment of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4340-7882
Danielle MazzaSPHERE, NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Sexual and Reproductive Health for Women in Primary Care, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6158-7376

Funding

Medical Research Future Fund MRF 1200453
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimTo describe key features of a co-designed nurse-led model of care intended to improve access to early medication abortion and long-acting reversible contraception in rural Australian general practice.

designCo-design methodology informed by the Experience-Based Co-Design Framework.

methodsConsumers, nurses, physicians and key women's health stakeholders participated in a co-design workshop focused on the patient journey in seeking contraception or abortion care. Data generated at the workshop were analysed using Braun and Clarkes' six-step process for thematic analysis.

resultsFifty-two participants took part in the co-design workshop. Key recommendations regarding setting up the model included: raising awareness of the early medication abortion and contraceptive implant services, providing flexible booking options, ensuring appointment availability, providing training for reception staff and fostering good relationships with relevant local services. Recommendations for implementing the model were also identified, including the provision of accessible information, patient-approved communication processes that ensure privacy and safety, establishing roles and responsibilities, supporting consumer autonomy and having clear pathways for referrals and complications.

conclusionOur approach to experience-based co-design ensured that consumer experiences, values and priorities, together with practitioner insights, were central to the development of a nurse-led model of care. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE: The co-designed nurse-led model of care for contraception and medication abortion is one strategy to increase access to these essential reproductive health services, particularly in rural areas, while providing an opportunity for nurses to work to their full scope of practice. IMPACT: Nurse-led care has gained global recognition as an effective strategy to promote equitable access to sexual and reproductive healthcare. Still, nurse-led contraception and abortion have yet to be implemented andevaluated in Australian general practice. This study will inform the model of care to be implemented and evaluated as part of the ORIENT trial to be completed in 2025. REPORTING

methodReported in line with the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) checklist. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Two consumer representatives contributed to the development of the co-design methodology as members of the ORIENT Intervention Advisory Group Governance Committee.

Indexed as

Abortion, InducedContraceptionGeneral PracticeHealth Services AccessibilityPractice Patterns, Nurses'Rural Health ServicesAdultAustraliaFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPregnancyRural PopulationYoung Adultaction researchfamily planninghealth services researchintervention developmentmodels of caremultiprofessional carepractice nursingreproductive healthrural nursingservice user perspectives

Identifiers

PMID38953531
PMCPMC11729821

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.