SynthesisEuropean journal of neurology2025
Neurocognitive performance in functional neurological disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in European journal of neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Neurocognitive performance in functional neurological disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Cognition and metacognition in functional motor symptoms and functional seizures: a case-control study.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Uncertainty as an operative construct and treatment target in functional neurological disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Brain Volume Correlations and Machine Learning Classification in Epilepsy Diagnosis.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Article
- Cognitive rehabilitation for functional neurological disorder.CNS spectrums · 2025Review
- Risk, Precipitating, and Perpetuating Factors in Functional Neurological Disorder: A Systematic Review Across Clinical Subtypes.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Revisiting motor inhibition in individuals with functional paralysis and spinal cord injury.Brain communications · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
background and purposeCognitive complaints are common in functional neurological disorder (FND), but it is unclear whether objective neurocognitive deficits are present. This systematic review summarized validated/standardized cognitive test performance in FND samples across cognitive domains.
methodsEmbase, PsycInfo and MEDLINE were searched from inception to 15 May 2023, combining terms for FND and cognitive domains (e.g., attention, memory, executive functioning). Studies included a range of FND phenotypes (seizures, motor, cognitive disorder, mixed), compared to healthy or clinical controls. Risk of bias was assessed with the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and a qualitative synthesis/narrative review of cognitive performance in FND was conducted. Test performance scores were extracted, and random effects meta-analyses were run where appropriate. This review was registered on PROSPERO, CRD42023423139.
resultsFifty-six studies including 2260 individuals with FND were eligible. Although evidence for some impairments emerged across domains of executive functioning, attention, memory and psychomotor/processing speed, this was inconsistent across studies and FND phenotypes. Common confounds included group differences in demographics, medication and intellectual functioning. Only 24% of studies objectively assessed performance validity. Meta-analyses revealed higher scores on tests of naming (g = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.50, 0.84) and long-term memory (g = 0.43, 95% CI 0.13, 0.74) in functional seizures versus epilepsy, but no significant differences in working (g = -0.08, 95% CI -0.44, 0.29) or immediate (g = 0.25, 95% CI -0.02, 0.53) memory and cognitive flexibility (g = -0.01, 95% CI -0.29, 0.28).
conclusionsThere is mixed evidence for objective cognitive deficits in FND. Future research should control for confounds, include tests of performance validity, and assess relationships between objective and subjective neurocognitive functioning.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.