ArticleBiomaterials research2024
M2 Macrophage-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Ameliorate Pyroptosis and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.
Article in Biomaterials research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Global trends and hotspots of macrophage-related research in intervertebral disc degeneration from 2005 to 2025: a bibliometric and visualized analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- [Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery · 2026Review
- Application of hydrogel technologies in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- An annulus fibrosus anchored nanovector reprograms osteopontin driven macrophages in preclinical disc degeneration models.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Mapping the miRNA landscape of primitive macrophage extracellular vesicles highlights their pro-vasculogenic effects in engineered human cardiac tissue.APL bioengineering · 2026Article
- Pyroptosis: mechanism and therapeutic strategies with intervertebral disc degeneration.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Antioxidant biomaterials in intervertebral disc regeneration: current status and future clinical translation.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Review
- Advanced hydrogel therapeutics for intervertebral disc degeneration: Engineering structural-functional properties in natural and synthetic biomaterials.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2025Review
- The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Musculoskeletal Diseases.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Review
- Article
- β-Mangostin Attenuates TET2-Mediated DNA Demethylation of Prkcg in the Prevention of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Exosomes derived from MSCs exposed to hypoxic and inflammatory environments slow intervertebral disc degeneration by alleviating the senescence of nucleus pulposus cells through epigenetic modifications.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
- Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies of Macrophage Polarization in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.JOR spine · 2025Review
- Macrophages-derived small extracellular vesicles regulate chondrocyte proliferation and affect osteoarthritis progression via upregulating Osteopontin expression.Journal of cell communication and signaling · 2025Article
- Role of macrophage in intervertebral disc degeneration.Bone research · 2025Review
- Macrophage-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Therapeutic Alternative for Diabetic Wound.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Noncoding RNA as a crucial epigenetic modulator in the degeneration of the ligamentum flavum.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Intervertebral discs (IVDs) have a limited self-regenerative capacity and current strategies for IVD regeneration are unsatisfactory. Recent studies showed that small extracellular vesicles derived from M2 macrophage cells (M2-sEVs) inhibited inflammation by delivery of various bioactive molecules to recipient cells, which indicated that M2-sEVs may offer a therapeutic strategy for the repair of IVDs. Herein, we investigated the roles and mechanisms of M2-sEVs on IVD regeneration. The in vitro results demonstrated that M2-sEVs inhibited pyroptosis, preserved cellular viability, and promoted migration of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). Bioinformatics analysis and verification experiments of microRNA (miR) expression showed that miR-221-3p was highly expressed in M2-sEVs. The mechanism of action was explored and indicated that M2-sEVs inhibited pyroptosis of NPCs through transfer of miR-221-3p, which suppressed the expression levels of phosphatase and tensin homolog and NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3. Moreover, we fabricated decellularized ECM-hydrogel (dECM) for sustained release of M2-sEVs, which exhibited biocompatibility and controlled release properties. The in vivo results revealed that dECM-hydrogel containing M2-sEVs (dECM/M2-sEVs) delayed the degeneration of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) models. In addition to demonstrating a promising therapeutic for IDD, this study provided valuable data for furthering the understanding of the roles and mechanisms of M2-sEVs in IVD regeneration.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.