ArticleAlzheimer's research & therapy2024
Subjective cognitive concerns, APOE ε4, PTSD symptoms, and risk for dementia among older veterans.
Article in Alzheimer's research & therapy, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The role of APOE ε4 in modulating the relationship between non-genetic risk factors and dementia: a system review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Genetic and peripheral biomarkers of comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury: a systematic review.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Health-Related Social Needs, and Cognitive Outcomes in US Veterans.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Curation of Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) Scores in the VA Million Veteran Program (MVP): Applications for Cognitive Aging Research.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- A Genome-wide Association Study of Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia in a Large Multi-ancestry Military Cohort Identifies Many New Dementia-Associated Loci.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Psychiatric Disease as a Potential Risk Factor for Dementia: A Narrative Review.Brain sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are associated with self-reported problems with cognition as well as risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Overlapping symptom profiles observed in cognitive disorders, psychiatric disorders, and environmental exposures (e.g., head injury) can complicate the detection of early signs of ADRD. The interplay between PTSD, head injury, subjective (self-reported) cognitive concerns and genetic risk for ADRD is also not well understood, particularly in diverse ancestry groups.
methodsUsing data from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Million Veteran Program (MVP), we examined the relationship between dementia risk factors (APOE ε4, PTSD, TBI) and subjective cognitive concerns (SCC) measured in individuals of European (n = 140,921), African (n = 15,788), and Hispanic (n = 8,064) ancestry (EA, AA, and HA, respectively). We then used data from the VA electronic medical record to perform a retrospective survival analysis evaluating PTSD, TBI, APOE ε4, and SCC and their associations with risk of conversion to ADRD in Veterans aged 65 and older.
resultsPTSD symptoms (B = 0.50-0.52, p < 1E-250) and probable TBI (B = 0.05-0.19, p = 1.51E-07 - 0.002) were positively associated with SCC across all three ancestry groups. APOE ε4 was associated with greater SCC in EA Veterans aged 65 and older (B = 0.037, p = 1.88E-12). Results of Cox models indicated that PTSD symptoms (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.13-1.21), APOE ε4 (HR = 1.73-2.05) and SCC (HR = 1.18-1.37) were positively associated with risk for ADRD across all three ancestry groups. In the EA group, probable TBI also contributed to increased risk of ADRD (HR = 1.18).
conclusionsThe findings underscore the value of SCC as an indicator of ADRD risk in Veterans 65 and older when considered in conjunction with other influential genetic, clinical, and demographic risk factors.
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