Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38951421›Full record

ArticleAnnals of biomedical engineering2026

Primary Creep Characterization in Porcine Lumbar Spine Subject to Repeated Loading.

Concetta Morino, Shea Middleton, Joost Op't Eynde, Elizabeth Dimbath, Jason Kait, Jason Luck, Cameron Bass

Erratum issuedAbstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of biomedical engineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Concetta MorinoDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. concettamorino@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7971-5663
Shea MiddletonDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Joost Op't EyndeDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Elizabeth DimbathDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Jason KaitDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Jason LuckDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Cameron BassDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.

Funding

Medical Technology Enterprise Consortium W81XWH-15-9-0001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Low back pain (LBP) is a common medical condition worldwide, though the etiology of injuries causing most LBP is unknown. Flexion and repeated compression increase lumbar injury risk, yet the complex viscoelastic behavior of the lumbar spine has not been characterized under this loading scheme. Characterizing the non-injurious primary creep behavior in the lumbar spine is necessary for understanding the biomechanical response preceding injury. Fifteen porcine lumbar spinal units were loaded in repeated flexion-compression with peak compressive stresses ranging from 1.41 to 4.68 MPa. Applied loading simulated real loading exposures experienced by high-speed watercraft occupants. The strain response in the primary creep region was modeled for all tests using a generalized Kelvin-Voigt model. A quasilinear viscoelastic (QLV) approach was used to separate time-dependent (creep) and stress-dependent (elastic) responses. Optimizations between the models and experimental data determined creep time constants, creep coefficients, and elastic constants associated with this tissue under repeated flexion-compression loading. Average R

Indexed as

Lumbar VertebraeModels, BiologicalAnimalsBiomechanical PhenomenaStress, MechanicalSwineWeight-BearingLumbar flexion-compressionLumbar spine injuryRepeated loadingViscoelasticity

Identifiers

PMID38951421

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.