Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38951227›Full record

ArticleAesthetic plastic surgery2024

Understanding Public Perceptions of Nipple and Scar Characteristics After Chest Wall Masculinization Surgery.

Benjamin Rahmani, John B Park, Oluwaseun D Adebagbo, Jose A Foppiani, Sasha Nickman, Daniela Lee, Samuel J Lin, Adam M Tobias, Ryan P Cauley

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Benjamin Rahmani *Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, LMOB 5A, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
John B Park *Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, LMOB 5A, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Oluwaseun D AdebagboDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, LMOB 5A, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Jose A FoppianiDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, LMOB 5A, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Sasha NickmanDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, LMOB 5A, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Daniela LeeDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, LMOB 5A, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Samuel J LinDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, LMOB 5A, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Adam M TobiasDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, LMOB 5A, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Ryan P CauleyDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, LMOB 5A, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. rcauley@bidmc.harvard.edu.ORCID 0000-0001-8291-433X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSurgical chest masculinization procedures, especially gender-affirming top surgery (GATS), are becoming increasingly prevalent in the USA. While a variety of surgical techniques have been established as both safe and effective, there is limited research examining ideal aesthetic nipple appearance and incision scar pattern. This study employs patient images to understand the public's perception on top surgery outcomes when adjusting for BMI ranges and Fitzpatrick skin types.

methodsImages from RealSelf modified via Adobe Photoshop depicted various scar types and nipple-areolar complex (NAC) sizes/positions. A Qualtrics survey was distributed utilizing Amazon Mechanical Turk. Statistical analysis was performed through JMP Pro 17 for ordinal and categorical values, with a p value less than or equal to 0.05 statistically significant.

resultsA moderately sized and laterally placed NAC was preferred. A transverse scar that resembles the pectoral border between the level of the inframammary fold and pectoral insertion was deemed most masculine and aesthetic. Majority of results demonstrated that this is unaffected by Fitzpatrick skin types. Increased BMI images impacted public preferences, as a nipple placed farther from the transverse incision (p = 0.04) and a transverse scar position closer to the IMF was preferred in higher BMI patients.

conclusionsAn understanding of the most popular NAC and scar choices, as well as how these factors may differ when considering a Fitzpatrick skin type or BMI categorization was attained. This validates the importance of patient-centered approach when employing surgical techniques in GATS. Future studies intend to obtain reports from actual patients considering GATS. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable.

Indexed as

CicatrixNipplesThoracic WallAdultEstheticsFemaleGender-Affirming SurgeryHumansMaleMasculinityMiddle AgedPublic OpinionYoung AdultAestheticsFitzpatrick skin typeMasculinityNACScar typeTop surgery

Identifiers

PMID38951227

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.