Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38951218›Full record

ArticleArchives of women's mental health2025

Cognitive household labor: gender disparities and consequences for maternal mental health and wellbeing.

Elizabeth Aviv, Yael Waizman, Elizabeth Kim, Jasmine Liu, Eve Rodsky, Darby Saxbe

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Archives of women's mental health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  4. Maternal control of children's daily toothbrushing: a cross-sectional study.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Elizabeth AvivDepartment of Psychology, University of Southern California, 3620 S. McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA. eaviv@usc.edu.ORCID 0000-0001-9140-0904
Yael WaizmanDepartment of Psychology, University of Southern California, 3620 S. McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
Elizabeth KimDepartment of Psychology, University of Southern California, 3620 S. McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
Jasmine LiuDepartment of Psychology, University of Southern California, 3620 S. McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
Eve RodskyFair Play Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Darby SaxbeDepartment of Psychology, University of Southern California, 3620 S. McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.

Funding

Prenatal Social Connection and Disruption During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Maternal and Infant HealthR01HD104801 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI SAXBE, DARBY E. · 2021 to 2025
$2.2M
NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD104801
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeAlthough the division of unpaid household labor has been studied as a driver of global gender inequity, the cognitive dimension of household labor-planning, anticipating, and delegating household tasks-has received less empirical investigation. Cognitive household labor represents a form of invisible and often unacknowledged domestic work that has been challenging to measure.

methodsWithin 322 mothers of young children, we assessed the division of both cognitive ("planning") and physical ("execution") household labor within 30 common household tasks using a self-report measure.

resultsWe found that while mothers did more of the overall domestic labor than their partners, the division of cognitive labor was particularly gendered, such that women's share of cognitive labor was more disproportionate than physical household labor. We found that cognitive labor was associated with women's depression, stress, burnout, overall mental health, and relationship functioning.

conclusionsThis study is one of the first to investigate cognitive labor quantitatively, and the first to investigate cognitive and physical dimensions within the same household tasks. Understanding how cognitive labor affects mothers' mental wellbeing has important implications for both practice and policy.

Indexed as

CognitionHousehold WorkMental HealthMothersAdultDepressionFamily CharacteristicsFemaleHumansMaleMaternal HealthSelf ReportStress, PsychologicalCognitive laborDivision of household laborMaternal mental health

Identifiers

PMID38951218
PMCPMC11761833

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.