ReviewThe Journal of clinical investigation2024
Epigenetic developmental mechanisms underlying sex differences in cancer.
Review in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Sexually Dimorphic Neuroimmune Pathways in Chronic Pain: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms.Biomolecules · 2026Pooled it
- Sex-Biased Immunity: The Hidden Variable in Immuno-oncology.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Review
- Gender Oncology: Rethinking Cancer Through a Sex- and Gender-Based Lens.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Paternal Circadian Disruption Impairs Offspring Cognition via Sperm microRNAs.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- UTY (KDM6C) in Cancer: Epigenetic Regulation, Tumour Suppressor Functions, and Clinical Implications.Epigenomes · 2026Review
- NF-κB and STAT3 signaling uniquely stratify survival in female glioblastoma patients.iScience · 2026Article
- Beyond XX and XY, Understanding Sex Differences in Leukemia.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Age and sex: dual drivers remodeling the anti-tumor immune microenvironment and shaping personalized immuno-oncology.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The impact of X chromosome inactivation on human health.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Review
- Review
- Long-Term Impact of Western Diet on Right Ventricular Transcriptome: Uncovering Sex-Specific Patterns in C57BL/6J Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a multivariable prognostic model incorporating black-blood magnetic resonance imaging-based meningeal lymphatic remodeling to predict therapy response in non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases.Translational lung cancer research · 2025Article
- Sex-Related Differences in Histone Acetylation and Tumor Development in a 4-Nitroquinoline 1-Oxide and Ethanol-Induced Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Mouse Model.Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology · 2025Article
- Multi-omics protein signaling networks identify sex-specific therapeutic candidates in lung adenocarcinoma.Biology of sex differences · 2025Article
- Restriction of YWHAB-mediated YAP cytoplasmic retention is a novel mechanism underlying stemness maintenance and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer peritoneal metastasis.Genes & diseases · 2025Article
- Gender and sex interactions are intrinsic components of cancer phenotypes.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2025Review
- Review
- Sex differences in the molecular profile of adult diffuse glioma are shaped by IDH status and tumor microenvironment.Neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Identifying Sex Differences in Lung Adenocarcinoma Using Multi-Omics Integrative Protein Signaling Networks.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Sex bias in tumor immunity: insights from immune cells.Theranostics · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cancer risk is modulated by hereditary and somatic mutations, exposures, age, sex, and gender. The mechanisms by which sex and gender work alone and in combination with other cancer risk factors remain underexplored. In general, cancers that occur in both the male and female sexes occur more commonly in XY compared with XX individuals, regardless of genetic ancestry, geographic location, and age. Moreover, XY individuals are less frequently cured of their cancers, highlighting the need for a greater understanding of sex and gender effects in oncology. This will be necessary for optimal laboratory and clinical cancer investigations. To that end, we review the epigenetics of sexual differentiation and its effect on cancer hallmark pathways throughout life. Specifically, we will touch on how sex differences in metabolism, immunity, pluripotency, and tumor suppressor functions are patterned through the epigenetic effects of imprinting, sex chromosome complement, X inactivation, genes escaping X inactivation, sex hormones, and life history.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.