ReviewOrthopaedic surgery2024
Immunomodulation Pathogenesis and Treatment of Bone Nonunion.
Review in Orthopaedic surgery, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Neutrophils: The Overlooked Regenerative Role in Bone Repair.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Gelatin macromolecular microspheres constructed by microfluidics regulate the TNF/HIF-1 signaling axis to reshape the bone immune microenvironment and enhance infectious bone defect repair.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Research on zoledronic acid's synergistic improvement of intervertebral disc degeneration and osteoporosis by regulating inflammation matrix microenvironment.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- A 1:1 matched-pair comparative study of minimally invasive elastic Poller wire augmentation vs. standard augmentative plating for hypertrophic femoral non-union after intramedullary nailing.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Spatial multi-omics decoding of the fracture nonunion niche: from immune-vascular-skeletal crosstalk to precision regeneration.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Exosomes promise better bone regeneration.Regenerative therapy · 2025Review
- Article
- Functionalized mesenchymal stem cells for enhanced bone regeneration: advances and challenges.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Review
- Article
- Epigenetic Regulation of Bone Healing: Implications for Fracture Repair and Clinical Treatment Strategies.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2025Review
- Associations between an inflammatory diet index and nonunion: a prospective study of 172,839 UK biobank participants.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Fractures and bone nonunion commonly require surgical intervention. Serious outcomes of non-healing in the late stages of fracture place a significant financial burden on society and families. Bone nonunion occurs when a fracture stops healing, for many reasons, and leads to a variety of bad outcomes. Numerous factors, including biomechanics and immunology, are involved in the complicated mechanisms of bone nonunion. The immune-inflammatory response plays a significant part in the emergence of bone nonunion, and the occurrence, control, and remission of inflammation in the bone healing process have a significant influence on the ultimate success of bone tissue repair. In the bone microenvironment, immune cells and associated cytokines control bone repair, which is significantly influenced by macrophages, T cells, and fibroblast growth factor. To limit acute inflammation and balance osteogenesis and osteoblastogenesis for tissue repair and regeneration, immune cells and various cytokines in the local microenvironment must be precisely regulated. As a bad complication of late-stage fractures, bone nonunion has a significant effect on patients' quality of life and socioeconomic development. Therefore, in-depth research on its pathogenesis and treatment methods has important clinical value. To provide more precise, focused therapeutic options for the treatment of bone nonunion, we discuss the regulatory roles of the key immune cells engaged in bone healing within the microenvironment during bone healing and their effect on osteogenesis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.