ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2024
Getting precise about gender and sex measurement: a primer for epidemiologists.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Systematic review of instruments for measuring sex and gender attributes: assessment of measurement properties and utility in research on clinical and functional outcomes.Biomedical engineering online · 2026Pooled it
- HIV prevention service disruption among transgender adults in the context of 2025 federal executive orders in the United States: a cross-sectional multi-state study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Sexual Behaviour, HIV Prevention and Testing Among Transgender and Non-binary People in a Cross-Sectional Behavioural Surveillance Survey in Aotearoa New Zealand.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Lifetime Nonprescribed Opioid Use by Sex, Race/Ethnicity, and Sexual Identification Among U.S. High-School Students.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Twenty years of sex and gender science in health research: a policy statement from the Organization for the Study of Sex Differences.Biology of sex differences · 2026Review
- Standardising Gender and Sex Data Collection in Clinical Care and Research.The Medical journal of Australia · 2026Article
- Automated tools for systematic review screening methods: an application of machine learning for sexual orientation and gender identity measurement in health research.Journal of the Medical Library Association : JMLA · 2025Article
- Intervention mapping for systematic development of a community-engaged CVD prevention intervention in ethnic and racial sexual minority men with HIV.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Accurately measuring gender and sex is crucial in public health and epidemiology. Iteratively reexamining how variables-including gender and sex-are conceptualized and operationalized is necessary to achieve impactful research. Reexamining gender and sex advances epidemiology toward its goals of health promotion and disease elimination. While we cannot reduce the complexities of sex and gender to simply an issue of measurement, striving to capture these concepts and experiences accurately must be an ongoing dialogue and practice-to the benefit of the field and population health. We assert that epidemiology must counteract misconceptions and accurately measure gender and sex in epidemiology. We aim to summarize existing critiques and guiding principles in measuring gender and sex that can be applied in practice.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.