ArticleCommunications biology2024
The global distribution of the macrolide esterase EstX from the alpha/beta hydrolase superfamily.
Article in Communications biology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Distribution and Evolutionary Signatures of a Broad-Spectrum Pesticide-Degrading Carboxylesterase TriS From Strain S113.Environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Hydration and hydrolysis define antibiotic resistance conferred by macrolide esterases.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Evaluation of recombinase polymerase amplification assays for targeted detection of bovine respiratory disease bacterial pathogens and antimicrobial-resistance genes in feedlot calves.Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc · 2026Article
- Functional characterization of macrolide esterase from cyanobacteria and their potential dissemination risk.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2026Article
- Development of an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin in wastewater.RSC advances · 2025Article
- Novel Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay Is Sensitive for Detection of Macrolide Resistance Genes Relevant to Bovine Respiratory Disease Management in Feedlot Calves.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Phage-mediated horizontal transfer ofiMeta · 2025Article
- Global distribution of α/β hydrolase family macrolide esterases in Gram-positive bacteria.The ISME journal · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Macrolide antibiotics, pivotal in clinical therapeutics, are confronting resistance challenges mediated by enzymes like macrolide esterases, which are classified into Ere-type and the less studied Est-type. In this study, we provide the biochemical confirmation of EstX, an Est-type macrolide esterase that initially identified as unknown protein in the 1980s. EstX is capable of hydrolyzing four 16-membered ring macrolides, encompassing both veterinary (tylosin, tidipirosin, and tilmicosin) and human-use (leucomycin A5) antibiotics. It uses typical catalytic triad (Asp233-His261-Ser102) from alpha/beta hydrolase superfamily for ester bond hydrolysis. Further genomic context analysis suggests that the dissemination of estX is likely facilitated by mobile genetic elements such as integrons and transposons. The global distribution study indicates that bacteria harboring the estX gene, predominantly pathogenic species like Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, are prevalent in 74 countries across 6 continents. Additionally, the emergence timeline of the estX gene suggests its proliferation may be linked to the overuse of macrolide antibiotics. The widespread prevalence and dissemination of Est-type macrolide esterase highlight an urgent need for enhanced monitoring and in-depth research, underlining its significance as an escalating public health issue.
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