The effects of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes on susceptibility to severe COVID-19 in the Iranian population.

Narges Karami, Shaghik Barani, Mona Fani, Seppo Meri, Reza Shafiei, Kurosh Kalantar

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in BMC immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Narges KaramiDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71348-45794, Iran.

Shaghik BaraniDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71348-45794, Iran.

Mona FaniVector-borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.

Seppo MeriDepartment of Bacteriology & Immunology and Translational immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

Reza ShafieiVector-borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran. reza_shafi@yahoo.com.

Kurosh KalantarDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71348-45794, Iran. kalantark@sums.ac.ir.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundVariations in the innate and adaptive immune response systems are linked to variations in the severity of COVID-19. Natural killer cell (NK) function is regulated by sophisticated receptor system including Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) family. We aimed to investigate the impact of possessing certain KIR genes and genotypes on COVID19 severity in Iranians. KIR genotyping was performed on 394 age/sex matched Iranians with no underlying conditions who developed mild and severe COVID- 19. The presence and/or absence of 11 KIR genes were determined using the PCR with sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP).

resultsPatients with mild symptoms had higher frequency ofKIR2DS1 (p = 0.004) and KIR2DS2 (p = 0.017) genes compared to those with severe disease. While KIR3DL3 and deleted variant of KIR2DS4 occurred more frequently in patients who developed a severe form of the disease. In this study, a significant increase of and B haplotype was observed in the Mild group compared to the Severe group (respectively, p = 0.002 and p = 0.02). Also, the prevalence of haplotype A was significantly higher in the Severe group than in the Mild group (p = 0.02).

conclusionsThese results suggest that the KIR2DS1, KIR2DS, and B haplotype maybe have a protective effect against COVID-19 severity. The results also suggest the inhibitory gene KIR2DL3 and haplotype A are risk factors for the severity of COVID-19.

Indexed as

COVID-19Genetic Predisposition to DiseaseReceptors, KIRSARS-CoV-2Severity of Illness IndexAdultAgedFemaleGene FrequencyGenotypeHaplotypesHumansIranKiller Cells, NaturalMaleMiddle AgedReceptors, KIRCOVID-19Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs)NK cell

Identifiers

PMID38943065

DOI10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.11.030

PMCPMC11212229

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.