SynthesisBritish journal of cancer2024
Exposure to second-hand smoke and breast cancer risk in non-smoking women: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in British journal of cancer, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Secondhand smoke exposure and human health: an umbrella review.Nature human behaviour · 2026Pooled it
- Evaluating the effect of cigarettes smoking on oesophageal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis with dose-response relationships.European journal of public health · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Smoking and oral and pharyngeal cancer: a meta-analysis.Oncology reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Association between second-hand smoke exposure and lung cancer risk in never-smokers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2024Pooled it
- The global burden of early-onset cancer in women, 1990-2021: findings from the GBD 2021 with focus on China.Journal of the National Cancer Center · 2026Article
- European Code Against Cancer, 5th edition - tobacco and nicotine containing products, second-hand smoke, alcohol and cancer.Molecular oncology · 2026Review
- Global Burden of Secondhand Smoke-Attributable ER-Negative Breast Cancer and Exploratory Immune-Metabolic Mediation Using Mendelian Randomization.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Epidemiology, early detection, and management of breast cancer in China: A comprehensive review.Chinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu · 2025Article
- Childhood exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal never smokers: the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) study.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a risk prediction model for premenopausal breast cancer in 19 cohorts.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Unraveling the role of withanolides as key modulators in breast cancer mitigation.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Analysis of the direct economic impact of smoking-related hospitalizations in Italy.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Through the use of an innovative method to identify original publications, we conducted a meta-analysis of all epidemiological studies evaluating the association between second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure and breast cancer risk among female non-smokers published in English up to October 2022. Pooled relative risks (RR) were obtained through the use of random-effects models. Dose-response relationships were derived using log-linear functions. Out of 73 identified eligible studies, 63 original articles were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled RR for breast cancer for overall exposure to SHS was 1.24 (95% confidence interval, CI, 1.15-1.34, number of articles, n = 52). Regarding the setting of exposure, RRs were 1.17 (95% CI 1.08-1.27, n = 37) for SHS exposure at home, 1.03 (95% CI 0.98-1.08, n = 15) at the workplace, 1.24 (95% CI 1.11-1.37, n = 16) at home or workplace, and 1.45 (95% CI 1.16-1.80, n = 13) for non-specified settings. The risk of breast cancer increased linearly with higher duration (RR 1.29; 95% CI 1.04-1.59 for 40 years of SHS exposure, n = 12), intensity (RR 1.38; 95% CI 1.14-1.67 for 20 cigarettes of SHS exposure per day, n = 6), and pack-years (RR 1.50; 95% CI 0.92-2.45 for 40 SHS pack-years, n = 6) of SHS exposure. This meta-analysis shows a statistically significant excess risk of breast cancer in women exposed to SHS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.