ReviewNeuroimaging clinics of North America2024
New Imaging Markers in Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders: Smoldering Inflammation and the Central Vein Sign.
Review in Neuroimaging clinics of North America, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Diagnostic performance of central vein sign and paramagnetic rim lesion integration for multiple sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2026Article
- Differential Roles of IL-18 and IL-8 Gene Variations in Multiple Sclerosis: Associations with Susceptibility and MRI Disease Activity.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Smoldering neuroinflammation in progressive multiple sclerosis: mechanisms, imaging biomarkers, and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Paramagnetic rim lesion formation is predicted by the initial gadolinium-enhancing lesion diameter.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2025Article
- Mood Disorder and Multimorbidity Complicating a Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis: From the National Multiple Sclerosis Society Case Conference Proceedings.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Ultra-High Contrast (UHC) MRI of the Brain, Spinal Cord and Optic Nerves in Multiple Sclerosis Using Directly Acquired and Synthetic Bipolar Filter (BLAIR) Images.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Concepts of multiple sclerosis (MS) biology continue to evolve, with observations such as "progression independent of disease activity" challenging traditional phenotypic categorization. Iron-sensitive, susceptibility-based imaging techniques are emerging as highly translatable MR imaging sequences that allow for visualization of at least 2 clinically useful biomarkers: the central vein sign and the paramagnetic rim lesion (PRL). Both biomarkers demonstrate high specificity in the discrimination of MS from other mimics and can be seen at 1.5 T and 3 T field strengths. Additionally, PRLs represent a subset of chronic active lesions engaged in "smoldering" compartmentalized inflammation behind an intact blood-brain barrier.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.