Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38941858›Full record

ArticleMedical image analysis2024

Interpretable deep clustering survival machines for Alzheimer's disease subtype discovery.

Bojian Hou, Zixuan Wen, Jingxuan Bao, Richard Zhang, Boning Tong, Shu Yang, Junhao Wen, Yuhan Cui, Jason H Moore, Andrew J Saykin and 6 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Medical image analysis, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Staging and Pseudotime Inference of Alzheimer's Disease Progression using Multimodal Imaging Data.Proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Healthcare Informatics · 2026
    Article
  3. Expert-Driven Survival Machines: Improving Stratification and Interpretability in Multiple Clinical Cohorts.ACM-BCB ... ... : the ... ACM Conference on Bioinformatics, Computational Biology and Biomedicine. ACM Conference on Bioinformatics, Computational Biology and Biomedicine · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. IRIS: Interpretable Risk Clustering Intelligence for Survival Analysis.Proceedings : ... IEEE International Conference on Big Data. IEEE International Conference on Big Data · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Multi-Modal Deep Clustering Survival Machines for Alzheimer's Disease Subtype Discovery.... IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision workshops. IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Determining the Importance of Clinical Modalities for NeuroDegenerative Disorders and Risk of Patient Injury Using Machine Learning and Survival Analysis.AMIA Joint Summits on Translational Science proceedings. AMIA Joint Summits on Translational Science · 2025
    Article
  11. SEFD: Semantic-Enhanced Framework for Detecting LLM-Generated Text.Proceedings : ... IEEE International Conference on Big Data. IEEE International Conference on Big Data · 2024
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Bojian HouDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Zixuan WenDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Jingxuan BaoDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Richard ZhangDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Boning TongDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Shu YangDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Junhao WenStevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA.
Yuhan CuiCenter for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Jason H MooreDepartment of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, CA 90069, USA.
Andrew J SaykinDepartment of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
Heng HuangDepartment of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Paul M ThompsonStevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA.
Marylyn D RitchieDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Christos DavatzikosCenter for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Li ShenDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Electronic address: li.shen@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.
Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative

Funding

Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative - SupplementU01AG024904 · NIA · NORTHERN CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE RES &EDUC · PI WEINER, MICHAEL W · 2004 to 2015
$121.0M
Ultrascale Machine Learning to Empower Discovery in Alzheimers Disease BiobanksU01AG068057 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI Christos Davatzikos, Heng Huang · 2020 to 2026
$20.7M
Artificial Intelligence Strategies for Alzheimer's Disease ResearchU01AG066833 · NIA · CEDARS-SINAI MEDICAL CENTER · PI MOORE, JASON H., RITCHIE, MARYLYN D · 2022 to 2025
$6.7M
Translational big data analytic approaches to advance drug repurposing for Alzheimer's diseaseR01AG071470 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI KIM, DOKYOON, NING, XIA · 2021 to 2025
$3.8M
Advancing Analysis of Multi-omics Data in Alzheimer's Disease ResearchRF1AG063481 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI LONG, QI · 2019 to 2020
$3.8M
ENIGMA World Aging CenterR01AG058854 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI THOMPSON, PAUL M · 2021 to 2025
$3.3M
Biomedical Image Computing and Informatics ClusterS10OD023495 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI DAVATZIKOS, CHRISTOS · 2017 to 2017
$1.9M
Informatics Algorithms for Genomic Analysis of Brain Imaging DataR01LM013463 · NLM · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI MOORE, JASON H., SAYKIN, ANDREW J · 2020 to 2023
$1.4M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG058854NIA NIH HHS R01 AG071470NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG063481NIA NIH HHS U01 AG024904NIA NIH HHS U01 AG066833NIA NIH HHS U01 AG068057NIH HHS S10 OD023495NLM NIH HHS R01 LM013463
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that has impacted millions of people worldwide. The neuroanatomical heterogeneity of AD has made it challenging to fully understand the disease mechanism. Identifying AD subtypes during the prodromal stage and determining their genetic basis would be immensely valuable for drug discovery and subsequent clinical treatment. Previous studies that clustered subgroups typically used unsupervised learning techniques, neglecting the survival information and potentially limiting the insights gained. To address this problem, we propose an interpretable survival analysis method called Deep Clustering Survival Machines (DCSM), which combines both discriminative and generative mechanisms. Similar to mixture models, we assume that the timing information of survival data can be generatively described by a mixture of parametric distributions, referred to as expert distributions. We learn the weights of these expert distributions for individual instances in a discriminative manner by leveraging their features. This allows us to characterize the survival information of each instance through a weighted combination of the learned expert distributions. We demonstrate the superiority of the DCSM method by applying this approach to cluster patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) into subgroups with different risks of converting to AD. Conventional clustering measurements for survival analysis along with genetic association studies successfully validate the effectiveness of the proposed method and characterize our clustering findings.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseCognitive DysfunctionAgedAlgorithmsCluster AnalysisFemaleHumansMaleSurvival AnalysisAlzheimer’s diseaseInterpretabilitySubtype discoverySurvival analysis

Identifiers

PMID38941858
PMCPMC11365808

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.