ArticleScience immunology2024
Cytokines drive the formation of memory-like NK cell subsets via epigenetic rewiring and transcriptional regulation.
Abstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Science immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advances in natural killer cell immunotherapy for hematologic malignancies.Cancer biology & therapy · 2026Review
- Next-generation natural killer cell therapy: bench to bedside and beyond.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Cytokine-induced expandable memory NK cells with significant metabolic, epigenetic remodeling, and persistence properties.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- NK cell cytotoxicity is transiently enhanced during acute malaria and modulated by the host microenvironment.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Reprogramming Antitumor Immunity: NK Cell Strategies to Navigate the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Distinct multiplex immunofluorescence-based immune and stromal marker expression profile of subcutaneously metastatic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated thoracic tumor: a case report.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Article
- CD39Science translational medicine · 2026Article
- Tumor microenvironment-driven natural killer cell diversity: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.Cancer biology & medicine · 2026Review
- Transcriptional Profile Change of NK-92 Cells in Presence of Cytokines, TGFβ Signaling Pathway Inhibitor and CDK7/12/13 Kinase Inhibitor.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Pumping up immunity: exercise flexes memory NK cell attack.Blood advances · 2026Article
- Exercise-mobilized lymphocytes enhance the function of cytokine-induced memory-like NK cells against myeloid leukemia.Blood advances · 2026Article
- Single-Cell Profiling Reveals Distinct Immune Communication Networks in Centenarians and Elderly Controls.Aging cell · 2026Article
- Bromodomain and extra-terminal protein inhibitors modulate natural killer cell function and differentiation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Cytokine preactivation and ADCC: a potent strategy for enhancing human NK cell effector functions against 3D tumor models.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Histone demethylase JMJD2D promotes macrophage IL-12b expression and contributes to host defense againstFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Enhancing CAR-NK persistence to unlock its full therapeutic potentials.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The microbiota-NK cell axis in colorectal cancer: a spatial and subset-centric framework.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Natural Killer Cell Therapy in Ovarian Cancer: From Preclinical Potentials to Clinical Applications and Combination Strategies.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Leptin as a Potential Modifier of Neuroinflammation: Contrasting Roles in Alzheimer's Disease and Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Engineered natural killer cells for cancer therapy.Cancer cell · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
29 authors.
Jennifer A FoltzWashington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9158-3464
Jennifer TranWashington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5339-1218
Pamela WongWashington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6856-2603
Changxu FanWashington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4375-4019
Evelyn SchmidtWashington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
Bryan FiskWashington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7648-1360
Michelle Becker-HapakWashington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0323-7233
David A Russler-GermainWashington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1009-2247
Jeanette JohnsonJohns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8268-5335
Nancy D MarinWashington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2626-3349
Celia C CubittWashington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0037-9324
Patrick PenceWashington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
Joseph RueveWashington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6550-5251
Sushanth PuretiWashington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
Kimberly HwangWashington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
Feng GaoWashington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1425-1623
Alice Y ZhouWashington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3916-8666
Mark FosterWashington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
Timothy SchappeWashington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0009-0002-1391-1519
Lynne MarsalaWashington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
Melissa M Berrien-ElliottWashington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
Amanda F CashenWashington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6809-4566
Jeffrey J BednarskiWashington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6902-0876
Elana FertigJohns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3204-342X
Obi L GriffithWashington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0843-4271
Malachi GriffithWashington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6388-446X
Ting WangWashington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6800-242X
Allegra A PettiWashington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6884-6107
Todd A FehnigerWashington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8705-2887
Funding
Washington University Center for Cellular ImagingP30CA091842 · NCI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI TIMOTHY J. EBERLEIN · 2001 to 2026
$128.0MWU INSTITUTE OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCESUL1TR002345 · NCATS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI William G. Powderly · 2017 to 2026
$97.8MTargeting the Bone Marrow Microenvironment In Acute Lymphocytic LeukemiaP50CA171963 · NCI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI TODD A FEHNIGER · 2013 to 2026
$31.6MWashU-VAI Somatic Mosaicism across Human Tissues (SMaHT) Program Genome Characterization CenterUM1DA058219 · NIDA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Robert Scott Fulton, Hui Shen · 2023 to 2026
$29.1MThe WashU-UCSC-EBI Human Genome Reference Center."U41HG010972 · NHGRI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Ira M Hall, Heng Li · 2019 to 2026
$24.9MGENCODE: comprehensive reference genome annotation for human and mouseU24HG007234 · NHGRI · EUROPEAN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LABORATORY · PI Fergal James Martin · 2021 to 2026
$16.1MPRE-AND POSTGRADUATE TRAINING IN MOLECULAR HEMATOLOGYT32HL007088 · NHLBI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Grant Anthony Challen, Stephen Oh · 1985 to 2026
$14.1MRole of Bcl11b in CD4+ T cells and innate lymphoid cellsR01AI067846 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI AVRAM, DORINA · 2007 to 2023
$6.2MTraining Program in Regenerative MedicineT32DK074367 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI SCOTT, EDWARD W · 2007 to 2022
$2.9MDECODING THE IMPACT OF TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS ON GENE REGULATIONR01HG007175 · NHGRI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI WANG, TING · 2014 to 2021
$2.7MTRANSLATING NK CELL BIOLOGY INTO CLINICAL CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPYR01CA205239 · NCI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI FEHNIGER, TODD A · 2017 to 2020
$2.4MPostdoctoral Training Program in Genomic MedicineT32GM139799 · NIGMS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI DICKSON, PATRICIA I · 2021 to 2025
$817kNCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002345NCI NIH HHS P30 CA091842NCI NIH HHS P50 CA171963NCI NIH HHS R01 CA205239NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG007175NHGRI NIH HHS U24 HG007234NHGRI NIH HHS U41 HG010972NHLBI NIH HHS K99 HL123638NHLBI NIH HHS R00 HL123638NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL007088NIAID NIH HHS F30 AI161318NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI067846NIDA NIH HHS UM1 DA058219NIDDK NIH HHS T32 DK074367NIGMS NIH HHS F31 GM146361NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM139799
Abstract
Activation of natural killer (NK) cells with the cytokines interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-15, and IL-18 induces their differentiation into memory-like (ML) NK cells; however, the underlying epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms are unclear. By combining ATAC-seq, CITE-seq, and functional analyses, we discovered that IL-12/15/18 activation results in two main human NK fates: reprogramming into enriched memory-like (eML) NK cells or priming into effector conventional NK (effcNK) cells. eML NK cells had distinct transcriptional and epigenetic profiles and enhanced function, whereas effcNK cells resembled cytokine-primed cNK cells. Two transcriptionally discrete subsets of eML NK cells were also identified, eML-1 and eML-2, primarily arising from CD56
Indexed as
CytokinesEpigenesis, GeneticImmunologic MemoryKiller Cells, NaturalCell DifferentiationGene Expression RegulationHumansInterleukin-15CytokinesInterleukin-15
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
None linked
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.