ArticleCPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology2024
Full random effects models (FREM): A practical usage guide.
Article in CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Longitudinal Disease Progression Model Characterizing Endoscopic Response and Remission in Crohn's Disease.Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics · 2026Trial
- Assessing Covariate Clinical Relevance in High-Dimensional PK Analysis: A Comparison of SCM+, FFEM, and FREM Approaches.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2026Article
- Conditional Versus Unconditional Covariate Effects in Pharmacometric Models: Implications for Interpretation, Communication, and Reporting.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2026Article
- The impact of misspecified covariate models on inclusion and omission bias when using fixed effects and full random effects models.Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics · 2025Article
- Full random effects models (FREM): A practical usage guide.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
The full random-effects model (FREM) is an innovative and relatively novel covariate modeling technique. It differs from other covariate modeling approaches in that it treats covariates as observations and captures their impact on model parameters using their covariances. These unique characteristics mean that FREM is insensitive to correlations between covariates and implicitly handles missing covariate data. In practice, this implies that covariates are less likely to be excluded from the modeling scope in light of the observed data. FREM has been shown to be a useful modeling method for small datasets, but its pre-specification properties make it a very compelling modeling choice for late-stage phases of drug development. The present tutorial aims to explain what FREM models are and how they can be used in practice.
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