Observational studySupportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer2024
Impact of opioid analgesics on survival in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Observational study in Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Crosstalk Between Opioids and the Anti-Tumour Immune Checkpoint Axis.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Review
- A novel inflammatory-nutritional nomogram for predicting survival after minimally invasive surgery for spinal metastases: a comparison with the Katagiri and SORG systems.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- The impact of concomitant medications on treatment outcomes in patients with cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Endocrine immune-related adverse events in advanced lung cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors: incidence, predictors and outcomes.Translational lung cancer research · 2025Article
- Mending the divide: integrating opioid analgesia and immunotherapy for optimal cancer care.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Review
- Are they all the same? Different effects of opioid types on survival in metastatic NSCLC receiving nivolumab.American journal of cancer research · 2025Article
- The relationship between anesthesia, surgery and postoperative immune function in cancer patients: a review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThis study aimed to assess the effects of concurrent opioid analgesic (OA) use with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).
methodsIn this observational retrospective study, we included advanced cancer patients who received ICIs at Hacettepe University Hospital's Department of Medical Oncology between June 2018 and January 2023.
resultsOur study included 375 recurrent or metastatic cancer patients treated with ICIs in the first, second line, or beyond. There were no significant differences between the OA-treated and OA-untreated groups regarding median age, age group, gender, primary tumor location, ICI type, or the presence of baseline liver and lung metastases. However, the OA-treated group exhibited a significantly higher proportion of patients who had received three or more prior treatments before initiating ICIs (p = 0.015). OA-Untreatment was significantly correlated with prolonged mPFS (6.83 vs. 4.30 months, HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.44-0.79, p < 0.001) and mOS (17.05 vs. 7.68 months, HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.45-0.80, p < 0.001).
conclusionsOur study demonstrates an association between the concurrent use of OAs and reduced OS and PFS in patients treated with ICIs. While OA treatment serves as a surrogate marker for higher disease burden, it may also suggest a potential biological relationship between opioids and immunotherapy efficacy.
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