SynthesisThe Lancet. Oncology2024
Cancer risk in people living with HIV and solid organ transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in The Lancet. Oncology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The risk of infection-related malignancies and tumor mutational burden in immunocompromised hosts: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2026Pooled it
- De novo colorectal cancer after kidney transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.British journal of cancer · 2025Pooled it
- Donor-derived bladder cancer following kidney transplantation.Urology case reports · 2026Article
- Manipulation of the cell cycle by HIV-1.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- Pseudotumoral donovanosis mimicking squamous cell carcinoma in a patient with HIV infection.The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases · 2026Article
- Cancer Burden and Inflammaging Among People Living with HIV: An Inflammatory Biomarker Analysis from an Italian Cohort.Cancers · 2026Article
- Geographic and temporal variations in cancer incidence attributable to human papillomavirus infection in China: a population-based study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Thyroid cancer risk in people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis of global population-based registry studies.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Review
- The Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor-Macrophage Axis in Merkel Cell Carcinoma: Evidence, Limitations, and Therapeutic Hypotheses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Virus infections and cancers: from mechanisms to therapeutics.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Population-level cancer trends among solid organ transplant recipients in the United States during 1995-2021.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2026Article
- Cancer Risk After Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation Compared With Kidney Transplant Alone: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Study.Clinical transplantation · 2026Article
- Human Papillomavirus-Related Cancer in People With HIV and Solid Organ Transplant Recipients.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Common Gynecologic Issues in Patients Post-Kidney Transplantation.Clinical transplantation · 2026Review
- Cancer risks and trends between 1997 and 2018, and effects of restored immunity in people living with HIV: Results from the ANRS CO4 French hospital database on HIV.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Race-specific temporal trends of HPV-related cancers in South Africa: An analysis of the South African National Cancer Registry, 2011-2022.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Effectiveness, immunogenicity and safety of human papillomavirus vaccination in non-HIV immunocompromised individuals: a systematic review.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Inhibition of MAPK p38α overcomes the cancer immunosurveillance defect caused by FPR1 loss-of-function mutation.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Skin Cancer in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Review.American journal of clinical dermatology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSystematic evaluations of cancer risk in people living with HIV or AIDS (PLHIV) and solid organ transplant recipients provide unique insights into the role of the immune system in cancer development. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we expand previous analyses of cancer risk for these two immunocompromised populations.
methodsWe considered studies published in English and listed on PubMed or Embase up to July 1, 2022. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they used population-based registries and compared cancer incidence in PLHIV or solid organ transplant recipients with the general population in the same geographical area. We extracted the number of observed site-specific cancers and expected cases and calculated meta-standardised incidence ratios for cancer within PLHIV and solid organ transplant recipients. In solid organ transplant recipients meta-standardised incidence ratios were compared by organ type. This project is registered on PROSPERO, CRD42022366679.
findings46 studies in PLHIV and 67 in solid organ transplant recipients were included in the analysis. Meta-standardised incidence ratios for cancers associated with human papillomavirus were increased in both populations; the highest meta-standardised incidence ratio in PLHIV was anal cancer (37·28 [95% CI 23·65-58·75], I
interpretationCancer risk was increased for a range of infection-related cancers in both PLHIV and solid organ transplant recipients, but divergent results in these and other cancers have emerged. The cancer risk patterns probably reflect variances in the degree of impaired immunity, exposure to carcinogenic viruses, and perhaps exposure to carcinogenic immunosuppressive agents.
fundingUS National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.