Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38935448›Full record

ArticleJournal of water and health2024

Heavy metal contamination in Sungai Petani, Malaysia: a wastewater-based epidemiology study.

Iqbal Iman Ruzi, Ahmad Razali Ishak, Muhamad Azwat Abdullah, Nur Nadhirah Mohamad Zain, Abdul Rohim Tualeka, Retno Adriyani, Rafeezul Mohamed, Hisham Atan Edinur, Mohd Yusmaidie Aziz

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Article in Journal of water and health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Iqbal Iman RuziDepartment of Toxicology, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Bertam, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia.
Ahmad Razali IshakCenter of Environmental Health & Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia.
Muhamad Azwat AbdullahIntegrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Selangor 42300, Malaysia.
Nur Nadhirah Mohamad ZainDepartment of Toxicology, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Bertam, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia.
Abdul Rohim TualekaDepartment of Occupational Health and Safety, Public Health Faculty, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java 60115, Indonesia.
Retno AdriyaniDepartment of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia.
Rafeezul MohamedDepartment of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Bertam, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia.
Hisham Atan EdinurSchool of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Mohd Yusmaidie AzizDepartment of Toxicology, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Bertam, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia; Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Public Health Faculty, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java 60115, Indonesia E-mail: mohd.yusmaidie@usm.my.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2519-3131

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the use of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) to estimate heavy metal exposure in Sungai Petani, Malaysia. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to detect copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and cadmium (Cd) in wastewater from eight sewage treatment facilities in Sungai Petani in January 2022. The heavy metal concentrations were measured in both influent and effluent, and the mean concentrations in the wastewater were found to be in the following order: Fe > Ni > Zn > Cd > Cu, with a 100% detection frequency. The results of WBE estimation showed that Fe, Ni, and Zn had the highest estimated per population exposure levels, while Cd had the lowest. Compared to a similar study conducted in Penang, Malaysia, all metals except Cu were found to have higher concentrations in Sungai Petani, even though it is a non-industrial district. These findings highlight the importance of addressing heavy metal contamination in Sungai Petani and implementing effective risk management and prevention strategies.

Indexed as

Metals, HeavyWastewaterWater Pollutants, ChemicalHumansMalaysiaMetals, HeavyWastewaterWater Pollutants, Chemicalheavy metalstoxicologywastewaterwastewater-based epidemiology

Identifiers

PMID38935448

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.