ArticleJAMA network open2024
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnoses in Finland During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Article in JAMA network open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Incidence, prevalence, and global burden of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder from 1990 to 2021 across 204 countries in individuals under age 20: data, with critical appraisal, from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Post-infectious psychiatric symptoms and diagnoses in children and adolescents following COVID-19.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Evaluating Public Sentiment on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder Compared With Other Mental Health Disorders From Posts on X (Formerly Known as Twitter): Longitudinal Analysis.JMIR infodemiology · 2026Article
- Mental Health Admissions in Child and Adolescents Over Pandemic Period: A Health Records Study.Psychiatry investigation · 2026Article
- DSM-5 Changes, COVID-19, and ADHD Diagnosis Rates in Individuals Younger Than 30 Years.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Patterns of prescription stimulant initiation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-based time-series analysis.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2026Article
- Trends in use of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder medications among children and adults in five European countries, 2010 to 2023: a population-based observational study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Self-reported changes in adolescent mental health, deliberate self-harm, substance use, and help-seeking behavior before and after the COVID-19 pandemic - A Finnish time-trend study.Child and adolescent mental health · 2026Article
- The development and assessment of a movement-based coaching program on executive function skills: an exploratory quality improvement study.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Global, regional, and national burden and trends of mental disorders in women of childbearing age: a systematic analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2021.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Sex differences in self-reported attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in clinical and population-based cohorts.JCPP advances · 2025Article
- Trends of incident adult Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnoses before, during and after the pandemic provincial state of emergency in British Columbia (2013-2023): a population-based study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Duration of ADHD medication treatment among Finnish children and adolescents ‒ a nationwide register study.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- Increasing incidence of ADHD among children, adolescents and young adults: COVID-19 pandemic-driven trend in Korea (2012-2023).BMJ mental health · 2025Observational
- Lifetime incidence and age of onset of mental disorders, and 12-month service utilization in primary and secondary care: a Finnish nationwide registry study.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2025Article
- Neurobiology of COVID-19-Associated Psychosis/Schizophrenia: Implication of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2025Review
- Validity of the Italian Version of DIVA-5: Semi-Structured Diagnostic Interview for Adult ADHD Based on the DSM-5 Criteria.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Dimensional attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and executive functioning in adolescence: A multi-informant, population-based twin study.Neuropsychology · 2025Article
- Incidence of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Between 2016 and 2023: A Retrospective Cohort.Psychiatric research and clinical practice · 2025Article
- Increase in Occurrence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Differs by Age Group and Gender-Finnish Nationwide Register Study.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Importance: Several reports suggest an increase in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. This nationwide study assessed new ADHD diagnoses and ADHD prevalence before and during the pandemic. Objective: To investigate trends in new ADHD diagnoses, prevalence, and ADHD medication use from 2015 to 2022 in Finland. Design, Setting, and Participants: This longitudinal cohort study comprised the entire Finnish population. ADHD diagnoses and medication use were obtained from nationwide registers and assessed at 3 time points: in 2015 and before (2020) and after (2022) the pandemic. Data were analyzed from January 2015 to June 2022. Main outcomes and Measures: New ADHD diagnoses, ADHD lifetime prevalence, and ADHD medication use. Results: The cohort comprised 5 572 420 individuals (2 819 645 women [50.6%]). Lifetime prevalence of ADHD increased by 2.7-fold during 2015 to 2022; prevalence was 1.02% in 2015 (95% CI, 1.01%-1.03%), 1.80% in 2020 (95% CI, 1.79%-1.81%), and 2.76% in 2022 (95% CI, 2.75%-2.77%). Young men aged 13 to 20 years had the highest lifetime prevalence of 11.68% (95% CI, 11.56%-11.81%) in 2022. New ADHD diagnoses doubled during the pandemic, from 238 per 100 000 in 2020 to 477 per 100 000 in 2022. The pandemic-associated incremental increase in new diagnoses was 18.60% (95% CI, 16.47%-20.49%; 9482 per 50 897 cases). Young women aged 13 to 20 years had a 2.6-fold increase in new diagnoses during the pandemic, from 577 per 100 000 in 2020 to 1488 per 100 000 in 2022, and women aged 21 to 30 years had a 3.0-fold increase, from 361 per 100 000 to 1100 per 100 000. New diagnoses increased by 2.9-fold among those older than 55 years (from 5 per 100 000 to 13 per 100 000 in women and from 5 per 100 000 to 14 per 100 000 in men). Boys younger than 13 years had the highest absolute rate of new ADHD diagnoses in 2022 (1745 per 100 000), but boys and young men younger than 21 years did not show a significant incremental increase in new diagnoses. Lifetime prevalence of ADHD medication purchases was 0.57% (95% CI, 0.56%-0.58%) in 2015 (31 771 [55.62%] of those with ADHD diagnosis), 1.15% (95% CI, 1.14%-1.16%) in 2020 (64 034 [63.83%]), and 1.69% (95% CI 1.68%-1.70%) in 2022 (92 557 [61.43%]), respectively. Conclusions and Relevance: In this nationwide cohort study, new ADHD diagnoses and ADHD prevalence showed significant increase in Finland during the pandemic. ADHD medication use did not increase in relation to ADHD diagnoses. These results highlight potential adverse outcomes of pandemic-associated changes in living conditions.
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